Serial Bootloader for the Freedom Board with Processor Expert

Posted on April 28, 2013 by Erich Styger

Bootloaders are a very useful thing: it allows programming an application file without a debugger. This makes it ideal for upgrading a system in the field.

Usually, there are application notes and examples from silicon vendors available. But typically they are for a certain microcontroller, and hard to change it to another system without a lot knowledge about its implementation. What I need for a project based on the FRDM-KL25Z is a bootloader which shall be small and portable. As I’m using Processor Expert to keep my applications portable across different microcontroller families: why not create a bootloader with Processor Expert components? With the Processor Expert drivers available, things can get a lot simpler compared to the ‘traditional’ approach. With less than 10 KByte footprint?

Serial Bootloader made with Processor Expert

A bootloader is a program which is able to load another program (the application program). Typically the bootloader program is not changed, and is kept in the microcontroller. That way the bootloader can load again and again a different program.

Bootloader and Application Memory Map

💡 Architecturally there can be a ‘mini’ or ‘micro’ bootloader which can load the ‘real’ bootloader. E.g. the OpenSDA bootloader on the Freedom boards have this capability.

The Bootloader Code and the Bootloader Vectors are programmed into a new part (e.g. with a debugger or a standalone flash programmer (e.g. with USBDM). Then the Bootloader can be used to load or change the Application Code and Application Vectors. With this, the Bootloader remains the same, while the Application can be updated.

Bootloader Sequence

A typical bootloader is doing something like this

The bootloader decides at startup if it should enter bootloader mode or if it shall run the application. Typically this is decided with a button or jumper set (or removed). If it shall run the application, the bootloader calls the application and we are done :-).
Otherwise, the bootloader will reprogram the application with a new file. S19 (S-Record) files are often used for this, as they are easy to parse and every tool chain can produce them.
The bootloader needs to use a communication channel to read that file. That can be RS-232, USB or an SD card file system (e.g. FatFS).
Using that file, the bootloader programs the flash memory. Special consideration has to be taken into account for the application vector table. As the bootloader runs out of reset, it is using its own (default) vector table, and needs to relocate the vector table if running the application.

💡 It would be possible to use the reset button on the FRDM-KL25Z board as a user button (see this post). To keep things simple, I’m using a dedicated bootloader push button on PTB8.

So writing a bootloader requires the following parts:

Bootloader System Block Diagram

Communication Channel: File I/O or any other means to read the Application File.
File Reader: A reader which reads the Application File.
Flash Programming: to program the Application.
Vector Redirection: To switch between the Bootloader and Application Vector Table.
User Interface: Showing status and information to the user, and to switch between application and bootloader mode at system startup.

Processor Expert comes with Flash Programming and Communication components (USB, SCI, I2C, …) installed. I have a Shell user interface already, plus an S19 file reader component created. Combining this with my other components should enable me to make a bootloader :-).

Flash Memory of the Bootloader

To make sure the bootloader gets linked only into its space, I reduce the FLASH memory for it. With the settings below I limit the FLASH memory from 0x0000 (vector table) up to 0x3FFF. That means my application memory area starts at 0x4000.

So I change the available flash for the bootloader in the CPU properties, and cut the available FLASH size on the KL25Z128 from 0x1FBF0 (~128 KByte) in the Build Options tab to 0x3FB0:

Bootloader FLASH Area

With this, the bootloader occupies the space from address 0x0000 (vector table) up to 0x3FFF.

Flash Protection

My bootloader resides in the first lower flash pages. To avoid that it might get destroyed and overwritten by the application, I protect the bootloader flash blocks. There is a setting in the CPU component properties where I can protect 4 KByte regions:

Protecting Regions in the CPU Component

Terminal Program

For my bootloader I need a way to send a file with a terminal program. As my serial connection has only Tx and Rx, but no RTS/CTC lines for flow control, it is useful if the terminal program either implements software flow control (XON/XOFF), or a delay value for sending a file.

After some searching the internet, I have found an open source terminal program which exactly can do this: https://sites.google.com/site/terminalbpp/

Terminal Program

It supports sending a file with a delay (shown above with 1 ms delay), and supports XON and XOFF. I used it successfully with my bootloader.

💡 Using a zero delay did not work in all cases. Not yet sure why. What worked was sending a file with a 1 ms delay setting.

Bootloader Shell

The bootloader features a shell with following commands:

--------------------------------------------------------------
FRDM Shell Bootloader
--------------------------------------------------------------
CLS1                      ; Group of CLS1 commands
  help|status             ; Print help or status information
BL                        ; Group of Bootloader commands
  help|status             ; Print help or status information
  erase                   ; Erase application flash blocks
  restart                 ; Restart application with jump to reset vector
  load s19                ; Load S19 file

The ‘BL status’ command shows the application flash range, and the content of the application vector table (more about this later):

  App Flash  : 0x00004000..0x0001FFFF
  @0x00004000: 0xFFFFFFFF 0xFFFFFFFF

With ‘BL restart’ it starts the user application (if any), and with ‘BL erase’ the application flash can be erased:

CMD> Erasing application flash blocks...done!

Bootloading an Application

With ‘BL load s19’ a new application file can be loaded. It will first erase the application flash blocks, and then waits for the S19. To send the file, I use the ‘Send File’ button:

Loading S19 File

It writes then the address of each S19 line programmed to the shell console:

CMD> Erasing application flash blocks...done!
Waiting for the S19 file...
S0 address 0x00000000
S1 address 0x00008000
S1 address 0x00008010
...
S1 address 0x00009420
S1 address 0x00009430
S1 address 0x00009440
S9 address 0x00009025
done!
CMD>

Bootloader Details

If I enter ‘BL Load S19’, it executes the function BL_LoadS19() in Bootloader.c:

static uint8_t BL_LoadS19(CLS1_ConstStdIOType *io) {
  unsigned char buf[16];
  uint8_t res = ERR_OK;

  /* first, erase flash */
  if (BL_EraseAppFlash(io)!=ERR_OK) {
    return ERR_FAILED;
  }

  /* load S19 file */
  CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"Waiting for the S19 file...", io->stdOut);
  parserInfo.GetCharIterator = GetChar;
  parserInfo.voidP = (void*)io;
  parserInfo.S19Flash = BL_onS19Flash;
  parserInfo.status = S19_FILE_STATUS_NOT_STARTED;
  parserInfo.currType = 0;
  parserInfo.currAddress = 0;
  parserInfo.codeSize = 0;
  parserInfo.codeBuf = codeBuf;
  parserInfo.codeBufSize = sizeof(codeBuf);
  while (AS1_GetCharsInRxBuf()>0) { /* clear any pending characters in rx buffer */
    AS1_ClearRxBuf();
    WAIT1_Waitms(100);
  }
  do {
    if (S19_ParseLine(&parserInfo)!=ERR_OK) {
      CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"ERROR!\r\nFailed at address 0x", io->stdErr);
      buf[0] = '\0';
      UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), parserInfo.currAddress);
      CLS1_SendStr(buf, io->stdErr);
      CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"\r\n", io->stdErr);
      res = ERR_FAILED;
      break;
    } else {
      CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"\r\nS", io->stdOut);
      buf[0] = parserInfo.currType;
      buf[1] = '\0';
      CLS1_SendStr(buf, io->stdOut);
      CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)" address 0x", io->stdOut);
      buf[0] = '\0';
      UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), parserInfo.currAddress);
      CLS1_SendStr(buf, io->stdOut);
    }
    if (parserInfo.currType=='7' || parserInfo.currType=='8' || parserInfo.currType=='9') {
      /* end of records */
      break;
    }
  } while (1);
  if (res==ERR_OK) {
    CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"\r\ndone!\r\n", io->stdOut);
  } else {
    while (AS1_GetCharsInRxBuf()>0) {/* clear buffer */
      AS1_ClearRxBuf();
      WAIT1_Waitms(100);
    }
    CLS1_SendStr((unsigned char*)"\r\nfailed!\r\n", io->stdOut);
    /* erase flash again to be sure we do not have illegal application image */
    if (BL_EraseAppFlash(io)!=ERR_OK) {
      res = ERR_FAILED;
    }
  }
  return res;
}

It first fills a callback structure of type S19_ParserStruct:

typedef struct S19_ParserStruct {
  uint8_t (*GetCharIterator)(uint8_t*, void*); /* character stream iterator */
  void *voidP; /* void pointer passed to iterator function */
  uint8_t (*S19Flash)(struct S19_ParserStruct*); /* called for each S19 line to be flashed */
  /* the following fields will be used by the iterator */
  S19_FileStatus status; /* current status of the parser */
  uint8_t currType; /* current S19 record, e.g. 1 for S1 */
  uint32_t currAddress; /* current code address of S19 record */
  uint16_t codeSize; /* size of code in bytes in code buffer */
  uint8_t *codeBuf; /* code bufffer */
  uint16_t codeBufSize; /* total size of code buffer, in bytes */
} S19_ParserStruct;

That structure contains a callbacks to read from the input stream:

static uint8_t GetChar(uint8_t *data, void *q) {
  CLS1_ConstStdIOType *io;

  io = (CLS1_ConstStdIOType*)q;
  if (!io->keyPressed()) {
#if USE_XON_XOFF
    SendXONOFF(io, XON);
#endif
    while(!io->keyPressed()) {
      /* wait until there is something in the input buffer */
    }
#if USE_XON_XOFF
    SendXONOFF(io, XOFF);
#endif
  }
  io->stdIn(data); /* read character */
  if (*data=='\0') { /* end of input? */
    return ERR_RXEMPTY;
  }
  return ERR_OK;
}

Parsing of the S19 file is done in S19_ParesLine() which is implemented in a Processor Expert component which I already used for another bootloader project:

S19 Parser

This parser is calling my callback BL_onS19Flash() for every S19 line:

static uint8_t BL_onS19Flash(S19_ParserStruct *info) {
  uint8_t res = ERR_OK;

  switch (info->currType) {
    case '1':
    case '2':
    case '3':
      if (!BL_ValidAppAddress(info->currAddress)) {
        info->status = S19_FILE_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        res = ERR_FAILED;
      } else {
        /* Write buffered data to Flash */
        if (BL_Flash_Prog(info->currAddress, info->codeBuf, info->codeSize) != ERR_OK) {
          info->status = S19_FILE_FLASH_FAILED;
          res = ERR_FAILED;
        }
      }
      break;
    case '7':
    case '8':
    case '9': /* S7, S8 or S9 mark the end of the block/s-record file */
      break;
    case '0':
    case '4':
    case '5':
    case '6':
    default:
      break;
  } /* switch */
  return res;
}

Of interest are the S1, S2 and S3 records as they contain the code. With BL_ValidAppAddress() it checks if the address is within the application FLASH memory range:

/*!
* \brief Determines if the address is a valid address for the application (outside the bootloader)
* \param addr Address to check
* \return TRUE if an application memory address, FALSE otherwise
*/
static bool BL_ValidAppAddress(dword addr) {
return ((addr>=MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS) && (addr<=MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS)); /* must be in application space */
}

If things are ok, it flashes the memory block:

/*!
* \brief Performs flash programming
* \param flash_addr Destination address for programming.
* \param data_addr Pointer to data.
* \param nofDataBytes Number of data bytes.
* \return ERR_OK if everything was ok, ERR_FAILED otherwise.
*/
static byte BL_Flash_Prog(dword flash_addr, uint8_t *data_addr, uint16_t nofDataBytes) {
  /* only flash into application space. Everything else will be ignored */
  if(BL_ValidAppAddress(flash_addr)) {
    if (IFsh1_SetBlockFlash((IFsh1_TDataAddress)data_addr, flash_addr, nofDataBytes) != ERR_OK) {
      return ERR_FAILED; /* flash programming failed */
    }
  }
  return ERR_OK;
}

The Flash Programming itself is performed by the IntFLASH Processor Expert components:

Processor Expert Flash Programming Component

This component is used for erasing too:

/*!
 * \brief Erases all unprotected pages of flash
 * \return ERR_OK if everything is ok; ERR_FAILED otherwise
 */
static byte BL_EraseApplicationFlash(void) {
  dword addr;

  /* erase application flash pages */
  for(addr=MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS;addr<=MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS;addr+=FLASH_PAGE_SIZE) {
    if(IFsh1_EraseSector(addr) != ERR_OK) { /* Error Erasing Flash */
      return ERR_FAILED;
    }
  }
  return ERR_OK;
}

Bootloader or Not, that’s the Question

One important piece is still missing: the bootloader needs to decide at startup if it shall run the Bootloader or the application. For this we need to have a decision criteria, which is typically a jumper or a push button to be pressed at power up to enter bootloader mode.

In this bootloader this is performed by BL_CheckForUserApp():

/*!
 * \brief This method is called during startup! It decides if we enter bootloader mode or if we run the application.
 */
void BL_CheckForUserApp(void) {
  uint32_t startup; /* assuming 32bit function pointers */

  startup = ((uint32_t*)APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START)[1]; /* this is the reset vector (__startup function) */
  if (startup!=-1 && !BL_CheckBootloaderMode()) { /* we do have a valid application vector? -1/0xfffffff would mean flash erased */
    ((void(*)(void))startup)(); /* Jump to application startup code */
  }
}

The function checks if the ‘startup’ function in the vector table (index 1) is valid or not. If the application flash has been erased, it will read -1 (or 0xffffffff). So if we have an application present and the user does not want to run the bootloader, we jump to the application startup.
Below is the code to decide if the user is pressing the button to enter the startup code:

static bool BL_CheckBootloaderMode(void) {
  /* let's check if the user presses the BTLD switch. Need to configure the pin first */
  /* PTB8 as input */
  /* clock all port pins */
  SIM_SCGC5   |= SIM_SCGC5_PORTA_MASK |
             SIM_SCGC5_PORTB_MASK |
             SIM_SCGC5_PORTC_MASK |
             SIM_SCGC5_PORTD_MASK |
             SIM_SCGC5_PORTE_MASK;
  /* Configure pin as input */
  (void)BitIoLdd3_Init(NULL); /* initialize the port pin */
  if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* button pressed (has pull-up!) */
    WAIT1_Waitms(50); /* wait to debounce */
    if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* still pressed */
      return TRUE; /* go into bootloader mode */
    }
  }
  /* BTLD switch not pressed, and we have a valid user application vector */
  return FALSE; /* do not enter bootloader mode */
}

I’m using BitIOLdd3_Init() to initialize my port pin, which is part of the BitIO component for the push button:

BitIOLdd Component

💡 When creating a BitIO component for Kinetis, Processor Expert automatically creates a BitIO_LDD component for it. As I do not have control over the name of that BitIO_LDD, I need to use in my bootloader whatever Processor Expert has assigned as name.

I’m using PTB8 of the Freedom board, and have it connected to a break-out board (pull-up to 3.3V if button is not pressed, GND if button is pressed):

FRDM-KL25Z with Bootloader Switch Board

You might wonder why I have to initialize it, as this is usually done automatically by PE_low_level_init() in main()? The reasons is: I need to do this *before* main() gets called, very early in the startup() code. And that’s the reason as well why I need to set the SIM_SCGC5 register on Kinetis to clock the peripheral.

Inside the CPU component properties, there is a Build option setting where I can add my own code to be inserted as part of the system startup:

User Code before PE initialization

To make sure it has the proper declaration, I add the header file too:

User data declarations

These code snippets get added to the __init_hardware() function which is called from the bootloader startup code:

Custom startup code with Bootloader code inserted

This completes the Bootloader itself. Next topic: what to do in the application to be loaded…

Application Memory Map

As shown above: the bootloader is sitting in a part of the memory which is not available by the application. So I need to make sure that application does not overlap with the FLASH area of the bootloader. My bootloader starts at address 0x0000 and ends at 0x3FFF:

Bootloader Memory Map

While the application can be above 0x4000. These numbers are used in Bootloader.c:

/* application flash area */
#define MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS        0x4000  /* start of application flash area */
#define MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS       0x1FFFF  /* end of application flash */

#define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START      0x4000  /* application vector table in flash */
#define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_SIZE       0xc0    /* size of vector table */

The application just needs to stay outside the FLASH used by the bootloader:

Application Memory Map

To make this happen, I need to change the addresses for m_interrupts and m_text in the CPU build options:

Application Memory Area Settings

That’s it 🙂

💡 As for the ARM Cortex-M4/0+ do not need to copy the vector table in the bootloader to a different location, I can debug the application easily without the bootloader.

S-Record (S19) Application File Generation

The bootloader loads S19 or S-Records. This post explains how to create S19 files for Kinetis and GNU gcc.

Code Size

The bootloader is compiled with gcc for the FRDM-KL25Z board. Without optimization (-O0), it needs 13 KByte of FLASH. But optimized for size, it needs only 8 KByte 🙂 :

text       data        bss        dec        hex    filename
8024         24       2396      10444       28cc    FRDM_Bootloader.elf

Summary

With this, I have a simple serial bootloader for only 8 KByte of code. The bootloader project and sources are are available on GitHub here.

And I have several ideas for extensions:

Using a memory stick to load the appliation file (USB MSD Host).
Using a SD-Card interface with FatFS.
Using a USB MSD device to load the file.
Performing vector auto-relocation: the bootloader should detect the vector table at address 0x00 of the application file and automatically relocate it to another location in FLASH. That way I can debug the Application without change of the vector table.
Making sure it runs on other boards and microcontroller families.
Creating a special component for the bootloader.

While the bootloader only needs 8 KByte for now, I keep the reserved range at 16 KByte, just to have room for future extensions.

Happy Bootloading 🙂

490 thoughts on “Serial Bootloader for the Freedom Board with Processor Expert”

indraastra on June 21, 2013 at 21:09 said:

Thank you for sharing this, Erich. I will almost certainly be adapting this for use in an SD card-based and eventually an over-the-air (WiFi) bootloader. Hopefully, I can contribute something back to your examples section on Github if I am successful.

Your blog has been my textbook for the past few weeks and will probably continue to be that in the near future.

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Reply ↓
Liz Anderson on July 18, 2013 at 15:57 said:

Why can’t I find S19 in my processor expert components? (Also, Shell, Utility…)

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on July 18, 2013 at 15:59 said:
  
  Hi Liz,
  you need to load the additional Processor Expert components first. See https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/05/09/processor-expert-component-peupd-files-on-github/
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Liz Anderson on July 18, 2013 at 16:11 said:
    
    Thank you!
    
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    Reply ↓
- Liz Anderson on July 18, 2013 at 16:09 said:
  
  I must update… okay I see. Sorry!! 🙂
  
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Liz Anderson on July 30, 2013 at 19:05 said:

Hey Erich,

I don’t have a switch board available, do you have any ideas how to avoid using one? Is using the TSI component of KL25z practical?

Thanks, Liz

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- Erich Styger on July 30, 2013 at 23:40 said:
  
  Hi Liz,
  you could consider to use the reset button:
  https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/02/16/using-the-reset-button-on-the-freedom-board-as-user-button/
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Liz Anderson on August 6, 2013 at 17:39 said:
    
    Thank you! I have the bootloader somewhat working but I think I’m having trouble with the application part. I basically just made a copy of the FRDM_Bootloader project you provided and changed the Memory Areas like you showed in your tutorial above (for applications). I have the .s19 file being created but when I send it to the FRDM_Bootloader project through serial, I keep getting errors saying “Failed or unknown command” as it goes through the whole .s19 file.
    
    Is there something I’m missing? Is the application code not supposed to have bootloader files on it?
    
    Thank you,
    Liz
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on August 6, 2013 at 18:16 said:
      
      Hi Liz,
      are you using “BL load s19” as command?
      
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    - Liz Anderson on August 6, 2013 at 18:19 said:
      
      Yes I am. I used “BL load s19” it erases and waits for the s19… then I send the s19 file.
      
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    - Erich Styger on August 6, 2013 at 18:45 said:
      
      I know that sending the S19 file is the most critical part. Are you sure you use an S19 file? Which program do you use to send the file? Can you post what you get after ‘waiting for the S19 file…’?
      
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    - Liz Anderson on August 6, 2013 at 18:51 said:
      
      This is what I see while sending the s19 file…
      
      Erasing application flash blocks…done!
      Waiting for the S19 file…
      S0 address 0x00000000ERROR!
      Failed at address 0x00000400
      
      failed!
      Erasing application flash blocks…done!
      *** Failed or unknown command: BL load s19
      *** Type help to get a list of available commands
      CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: S11340000030002035650000B151000
      *** Type help to get a list of available commands
      CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: 0BD510000B2
      *** Type help to get a list of available commands
      CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: S1134010BD510000BD510000BD51000
      *** Type help to get a list of available commands
      CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: 0BD51000064
      
      … and it goes on and on with the failed or unknown commands, I’m guessing it goes through the whole s19 file.
      
      I used https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/09/13/s-record-generation-with-gcc-for-armkinetis/ to make my project generate a s19 file, I was originally getting hex files but then I read in the comments to that tutorial that you can change the suffix.
      
      I use the terminal you recommended here to send the s19 file.
      
      Thanks,
      Liz
      
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    - Erich Styger on August 6, 2013 at 20:05 said:
      
      Can you try to increase the delay (the dialog next to ‘send file’)?
      
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    - Liz Anderson on August 6, 2013 at 20:13 said:
      
      No success increasing the delay… is there an project of an application I can try using instead of using my own? Thank you.
      
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    - Erich Styger on August 6, 2013 at 21:40 said:
      
      I have sent you an S19 file I used by email.
      
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- Rock on December 13, 2013 at 15:05 said:
  
  Hi Erich,
  I also meet the same issue. S19 file can not load correctly.
  Can you send me you S19 file?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Liz Anderson on December 13, 2013 at 15:16 said:
    
    https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse
    
    It’s in the BL_Blink project.
    
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  - Rock on December 13, 2013 at 16:24 said:
    
    Thanks Erich, it worked
    
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Vishal on August 21, 2013 at 03:12 said:

Hi Erich,

I’m having exactly the same problem as Liz below. I’ve tracked the parse error down to the second line in my S19 file, which uses the address 0x0400:

1: S01100004D4B32305F426C696E6B2E7331399A
2: S1130400FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7EFFFFFF79
3: S113400000000020CD480000694400008544000001
4: S11340108544000085440000854400008544000078
…

It looks like that line is related to the Flash memory configuration which resides at 0x0400, and I don’t quite know what to do about it or how you worked around that. Here is the corresponding section in my linker script:

MEMORY {
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00004000, LENGTH = 0x000001C0
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x000041C0, LENGTH = 0x0001BE40
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFFE000, LENGTH = 0x00002000
m_data_20000000 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x00002000
m_cfmprotrom (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00000400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
}

I’m going to try removing that line and sending the S19 file again, but please let me know if you have any better ideas.

Thanks!
Vishal

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- Erich Styger on August 21, 2013 at 08:31 said:
  
  Hi Vishal,
  I have committed my example project on GitHub. The important thing is that hte memory map is correct. See as well how the burner.bbl file is used in that project:
  https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples
  
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  - Vishal on August 21, 2013 at 20:24 said:
    
    Thanks, Erich! That was very helpful. Turns out, I had the Flash configuration field enabled in the CPU component, which was generating that S19 record.
    
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  - Vishal on August 22, 2013 at 05:24 said:
    
    I am working my way up to a Wifi-based firmware update procedure, as I mentioned in an earlier comment. The bootloader is basically working at this point, but I am having an issue with the button debouncing wait inside of BL_CheckBootloaderMode:
    
    WAIT1_Waitms(50); /* wait to debounce */
    
    After entering this code, the program seems to run some of the wait_cycles code a few times before resetting. I’m not sure why this happens, but I am using the FRDM K2050M, and I’ve made this project from scratch so there could be some tiny difference between my PE component setup and your FRDM KL25Z project that is messing with the flow. I can’t imagine what, since the WAIT component doesn’t require any initialization, and all the functions do is wait. Perhaps there is some incompatible assembly code in the lowese-level wait-cycle routines?
    
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    - Erich Styger on August 22, 2013 at 07:30 said:
      
      The Waitms(50) is simply to wait for some time in order to debounce the push button. As bouncing depends on the button, 50 ms might not be enough (I have seen buttons bouncing for as much as 200 ms). The other thing is that in earlier versions of the Wait component, the timing was not always correct. The new component on the GitHub has the fix (I’m using “Version : Component 01.059”, you can get that information from the WAIT1.c file. In any case, if this should be the problem, simply increase the waiting time to say 500 ms and let me know if this helps.
      
      LikeLike
Liz Anderson on August 21, 2013 at 20:28 said:

Sorry to keep bugging about this bootloader… I’ve been having a problem where the application will not run after successfully loading the s19 file and then restarting or running the program again without pressing down the button that loads the bootloader.

For example:
1. Press button and run project. “BL load s19” and send the s19 file.
2. Stop the debugging process.
3. Debug program again without pressing down button that loads bootloader.
4. EITHER a. Bootloader will run again (red light blinking). OR b. I get this error: No source available for “0xFFFFFFFE (0xFFFFFFFE)() ”

As I stepped through, the condition that doesn’t allow the application to run is when the BL_CheckBootloaderMode() returns FALSE to the if statement in CheckForUserApp(), the FALSE ends up being a “ÿ” which won’t allow the if statement to be completely true. I hope that’s clear.

I tried also using the reset button as well as soldering wires and using test leads as a “button press” similar to this tutorial but I keep getting this error. I haven’t changed anything from the projects you posted on GitHub, either.

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on August 22, 2013 at 07:47 said:
  
  Hi Liz,
  >>3. Debug program again without pressing down button that loads bootloader.
  Keep in mind that depending on how you debug, this will erase the whole flash, so only the bootloader will present on the target.
  If that ‘No source available’ shows up, then this means that the debugger initial PC is set at this address where is no code, or that the ‘application code detection’ somehow failed to properly detect the application mode.
  That “ÿ” is probably a debugger display problem, as it tries to show the value as character. Could you check the value in hex mode?
  And: are you modified my unchanged example code, or your own one?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Liz Anderson on August 22, 2013 at 18:08 said:
    
    I did not modify your example code.
    
    I made a bool variable, checkMode, to see what BL_CheckBootloaderMode() returns, it shows “checkMode = ÿ”, when I hover over the variable in the code. But, when I go into the “Variables” tab I see just a space like so, ‘ ‘ , with the single apostrophes. I made a uint32_t variable and set checkMode to it and in the “Variables” tab, the uint32_t variable reads 0. Stepping through, BL_CheckBootloaderMode() is for sure returning FALSE.
    
    The “Variables” tab is where to see the hex value, correct?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on August 22, 2013 at 18:30 said:
      
      Yes, you can use the variables view for this. To change the variable format right click on it and select Format > Hexadecimal.
      See as well https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/10/01/debugging-variables-in-hexadecimal-with-eclipse/
      
      LikeLike
    - Liz Anderson on August 22, 2013 at 18:36 said:
      
      It shows that checkMode in hex is 0x00, and startup is not equal to -1, so I have no clue why the if statement isn’t allowing me in.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on August 22, 2013 at 20:13 said:
      
      Hi Liz,
      The code in BL_CheckBootloaderMode() is the following:
      if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* button pressed (has pull-up!) */
      WAIT1_Waitms(50); /* wait to debounce */
      if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* still pressed */
      return TRUE; /* go into bootloader mode */
      }
      }
      /* BTLD switch not pressed, and we have a valid user application vector */
      return FALSE; /* do not enter bootloader mode */
      The logic is the following: if the button is pressend, then the pin returns 0 (FALSE). So pushing the button means that it gets a low voltage. If the button is not pressed, it shall be HIGH (logic high level). Typically this means that a normal button needs to have a pull-up resistor (either internally or externally). Do you have this? The button (BL_SW) shall not be floating. It needs to be either LOW if pressed, and high if not pressed.
      
      LikeLike
    - Liz Anderson on August 26, 2013 at 20:35 said:
      
      Erich,
      
      I have GND and PTB8 connected and working as a button press and P3V3 with a resistor and PTB8 connected when I want no button pressed (not working).
      
      I feel like I want to give you more information… but I’m not sure what else to give.
      
      Thanks,
      Liz
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on August 26, 2013 at 20:58 said:
      
      Hi Liz, how much is your resistor? It should not matter, but if using the pin as input and 3.3V, you do not need a resistor.
      
      LikeLike
    - Liz Anderson on August 27, 2013 at 16:55 said:
      
      3 Kohms. Remember I mentioned using the restart button and it showed “no source available” and such? When I Run instead of Debug, without triggering the button, the chip goes into bootloader mode then if I Ran it again it the RGB LED does not flash. So maybe the application code isn’t found…
      
      I just noticed… do you think my MCU Wizard and Tools Plugin being expired has something to do with this?
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on August 27, 2013 at 18:49 said:
      
      No, the wizard or tool plugins do not expire. Only if your evaluation license expires, your code size is limited for debug to 32 Kbyte. I don’t think you have more than that.
      Try it withoug the 3 KOhms resisotr. And use ‘Reset’, not ‘Restart’: restart performs a new download which is not what you want.
      
      LikeLike
    - Liz Anderson on August 29, 2013 at 16:31 said:
      
      I’m sorry, I did use the reset, I accidentally called it restart. I put the resistor on after you mentioned it for the pull up so I have tried it without the resistor. It’s just not entering application mode. When I run it and the bootloader doesn’t come on, there is no action in the RGB LED, even after I sent the BL_Blink s19 file to make it blink blue. Maybe I should download CW again, maybe that will miraculously solve my issue.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on August 29, 2013 at 16:37 said:
      
      Hi Liz,
      I don’t belive that a new CodeWarrior installation will solve your problem. It must be something different. I have not had the time to try with the hardware my project again, but maybe I should now.
      
      LikeLike
    - Liz Anderson on August 29, 2013 at 16:42 said:
      
      Okay. I am wondering, when I initially set up OpenSDA and put files in that bootloader, I had some troubles. Do you think those troubles could affect what is going on now? Should I look into getting a new board to try?
      
      LikeLike
SwapnilKatre on August 23, 2013 at 14:00 said:

Hi Erich,

Your Post for Serial Boot-loader is a great help for understating the basics of how it worked. Thanks for posting it.

Do you have any serial bootloader post for MC9S08SH8 like KL25Z….

i was using the AN2295SW bootloader but couldn’t find any for MC9S08SH8 and its bit difficult to understand…. Please help me to figure this out….

Thanks in advance…

Regards,
Swapnil

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on August 23, 2013 at 14:17 said:
  
  Hi Swapnil. No, I do not have a post on SH8, and I do not have that hardware neither. But my KL25Z project is with Processor Expert, and with this it is applicable and should work with the S08 too (or with any device supported by Processor Expert). The principles are the same.
  
  I hope this helps.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - SwapnilKatre on August 23, 2013 at 14:26 said:
    
    Thanks erich, i am working with your component….will let you know if it is successful…
    
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    Reply ↓
Sachin Kate on August 29, 2013 at 09:46 said:

How to generate .s19 file and .bll file????

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on August 29, 2013 at 10:00 said:
  
  See
  https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/09/27/s-record-intel-hex-and-binary-files/
  and
  https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/09/13/s-record-generation-with-gcc-for-armkinetis/
  
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  Reply ↓
brodek on September 23, 2013 at 17:13 said:

Hi Erich,
before all thanks alot for your work and this site. I was losing every hope on using the freedom board for my purposes before to discover your site.

Now i need a little help to finish the mixing of your serial bootloader with the CDC virtual COM firmware. I’ve a strange behavior with my freedom board (KL25Z).

If I try to load and start the bootloader’s firmware with the openSDA cable plugged in and the debugger running all goes fine. I can enter in bootloader mode or in application mode without any problem.

But if I disconnect the openSDA cable or I turn off the debugger, after the device’s reset, the bootloader mode doesn’t start anymore. The application mode starts correctly but, the bootloader mode causes the reset of the KL25 mcu when the BL_CheckBootloaderMode reach this point of the code.

if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* button pressed (has pull-up!) */
WAIT1_Waitms(50); /* wait to debounce */
if (!BL_SW_GetVal()) { /* still pressed */
return TRUE; /* go into bootloader mode */
}
}

I’ve tryed also to maintain only the return TRUE condition without the other part of the code but the board doesn’t start in bootloader mode without the openSDA connected and the debugger running.

Thank in advice for your help,
Walter

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on September 23, 2013 at 21:19 said:
  
  What are you using as the bootloader switch? The board reset button or your own button? I would need to try it out myself first, but maybe there is a delay or something which makes the boot process of the microcontroller different?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - brodek on September 23, 2013 at 22:36 said:
    
    Hi,
    for the bootloader switch I use the pin PTB9 with an external pull-up of 3kohm.
    
    Currently I was able to solve the problem adopting a led, used to understand where the execution of the firmware crash. So I’ve discovered that the execution of the “__arm_start.c” file never reach the instruction “exit(main(0, argv));” without the debugger of the codewarrior.
    
    This seems to happen because of some #ifdef instruction before the exit directive. Following what is written in your article that talk about the optimization of the start up procedure (https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/11/11/optimizing-the-kinetis-gcc-startup/) I’ve removed this ifdef and now the device works fine also without the debugger.
    
    The removed code is:
    
    #if defined(__SEMIHOSTING)
    // semihost initializations
    __init_semihost();
    #endif
    // call main(argc, &argv)
    #if SUPPORT_SEMIHOST_ARGC_ARGV
    exit(main(__argc_argv(__MAX_CMDLINE_ARGS, argv), argv));
    #else
    
    I don’t understand why, without the debugger this part of code inhibits the execution of the exit(main()) instruction but now the code works.
    
    if I can explain why I would be very happy…
    
    Hi and good work,
    Walter
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 24, 2013 at 10:14 said:
      
      Hi Walter,
      interesting, interesting.
      So this means that ‘semihosting’ was enabled in your project? Can you check your compiler/build tool settings if you have semihosting enabled (I never use it because of these kind of problems).
      What Semihosting does is: it allows the application to do printf(), and it will be catched by the debugger and sent to the debugger console in the debuggger. Great for demo purposes, but typically this does not work or block the target without debugger attached 😦 I think this is what you are seeing?
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on September 24, 2013 at 10:19 said:
      
      digging more into semihosting: this is enabled if you select ‘Debugger Console’ under ‘I/O Support’ during project creation (Language and Build Tools Options step).
      Text shown in this dialog:
      ‘Debugger Console’ support will be included in the project.
      * This setting configures how the GCC-ARM library deals with the console (e.g. printf() or puts()). With ‘Debugger Console’ the library uses a virtual connection with the debugger (also known as ‘semi hosting’).
      
      What it does: it sets up the library (Librarian in build settings) to ‘ewl_hosted’: change it to ewl_noio.
      I think this would have fixed it for your project too.
      
      LikeLike
  - brodek on September 24, 2013 at 20:45 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    thank you very much for your explanation. I can confirm that “semihosting” was active.
    
    How can I turn it off without creating a new project?
    
    Thanks again,
    Walter
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 24, 2013 at 21:16 said:
      
      Go to the project settings, then C/C++ Build > Settings > Librarian and then select the ewl_noio library model.
      That should do it. I hope this helps.
      
      LikeLike
Sean Wu on September 25, 2013 at 08:54 said:

Dear sir,
Do you know to speed up to write s19 to flash? Because delay 1ms is too slow. But use 0ms, it will crash.

Thanks.
BR,
Sean

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on September 25, 2013 at 09:37 said:
  
  Hi Sean,
  I have not measured it. But that 1ms is not the flash programming speed, it is about the communication with the host. If not using handshaking, you easily run into a RX buffer overflow. I have not completely solved this on my end, but I think some advanced buffering would be needed?
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Sean Wu on September 30, 2013 at 11:38 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    Thanks for your reply.
    
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    Reply ↓
Thach Ngo on December 13, 2013 at 03:20 said:

Hi Erich
I can not see “Internal Peripheral” in my “MCU Component Inspector”:

Just “Clock setting” “CPU interrupt” and “Clock configuration”

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on December 13, 2013 at 08:52 said:
  
  Hello,
  Looks like you have not enabled ‘Expert’ mode in the inspector. See https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/01/27/enabling-the-expert-level-in-processor-expert/
  
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  Reply ↓
Rock on December 13, 2013 at 09:21 said:

Hi Erich,
S19 file is “hex” file in FLASH folder, correct?

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on December 13, 2013 at 09:26 said:
  
  Yes. Unfortunately that gcc build integration plugin in Eclipse uses a hardcoded .hex extension for all files, even if it is an S19 file. You can verify this if you open the file with a text editor. More details about this in https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/09/13/s-record-generation-with-gcc-for-armkinetis/
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Rock on December 13, 2013 at 12:12 said:
    
    Hi Erich.
    Do you have plan to create a USB CDC bootloader for KL25Z?
    I’m intending to do it but I’m not sure it’s impossible or not, because USB CDC driver is quite big.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on December 14, 2013 at 09:36 said:
      
      Yes, such a USB CDC bootloader is on my wish list for a very long time. But as you say: a USB stack is much more complicated and bigger than an serial driver. So no surprise that if this is double more of the size of a serial bootloader. Simply because a USB driver and stack is a very big thing.
      
      LikeLike
Thach Ngo on December 13, 2013 at 12:02 said:

Hi Erich.
I completely download your Boot Loader source to KL25Z FRDM. When debugging, I receive following log file in Terminal screen:
It didn’t stop

————————————————————–
FRDM Shell Bootloader
————————————————————–
CLS1 ; Group of CLS1 commands
help|status ; Print help or status information
BL ; Group of Bootloader commands
help|status ; Print help or status information
erase ; Erase application flash blocks
restart ; Restart application with jump to reset vector
load s19 ; Load S19 file
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: ——————————-
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: ——————————-
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: FRDM Shell Bootloader
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: ——————————-
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: ——————————-
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: CLS1 ; Gro
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: up of CLS1 commands
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: help|status ; Pri
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: nt help or status information
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: BL ; Gro
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: up of Bootloader commands
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: help|status ; Pri
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: nt help or status information
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: erase ; Era
*** Type help to get a list of available commands

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on December 13, 2013 at 19:05 said:
  
  It looks to me like your terminal program is echoing all incoming characters back? Have you configured it in a loop-back mode?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Thach Ngo on December 14, 2013 at 05:29 said:
    
    it’s my stupid bug, mistake from uart cable, It’s leaked. (I’m using USB UART converted IC).
    It worked very well now.
    
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    Reply ↓
Arun Kumar on February 5, 2014 at 07:46 said:

Hello Erich,
This is a very informative tutorial thanks for this,i would like to implement this boot loader code into my k60 core(MK60FN1MOVLQ12),i am using the TWR-K60F120M board , but the processor expert settings are a bit different ,for instance, there is no specific memory protection area where i enter the addresses to protect.
Could you please instruct me on the processor expert settings for k60 core cpu. I use code warrior 10.3 and have already installed all your latest PE packages.

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on February 5, 2014 at 10:28 said:
  
  I have not checked the details, but I would be surprised if the K60 does not have this protection mechanism.
  In any case: try to get it working without the protection (as a proof of concept): the protection is only needed for ‘production’ where you want to avoid that the bootloader gets overwritten.
  And CodeWarrior 10.3 is pretty old: Why are you not using 10.5 (latest current version)?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Arun Kumar on February 6, 2014 at 04:59 said:
    
    There is a protection detail present but,i am not able to enter the address to protect, i will try to get it working without the protection.
    I am using cw 10.3 because there seems to be some problems programming in cw10.5 via PE multilink programmer.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on February 6, 2014 at 06:18 said:
      
      What kind of problems? I’m using the PE multilinks with 10.5 without problems.
      
      LikeLike
Arun Kumar on February 6, 2014 at 11:16 said:

It sometimes does not program the controller and gives a flash error,and frequently it disconnects when in middle of a debug session.I noticed these errors come once i generate(in 10.5) the code from Processor expert.If i just copy a project previously created in cw 10.3 and run it using 10.5 it programs correctly.

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on February 6, 2014 at 11:27 said:
  
  That sounds really strange. Maybe you should submit this to P&E and or the Freescale forum?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Arun Kumar on February 12, 2014 at 12:47 said:
    
    sorry for the late reply,was out of town for a few days 🙂
    Yep i will.
    comming back to my bootloader,i keep getting a HARD FAULT status(ISR) when ever i add the serial_ldd module in my BL_CheckForUserApp() function.
    Any idea why that is happening?
    Here is my full function:
    
    #include “bootloader.h”
    void bootloader_usercode()
    {
    boot_serial_ptr = AS1_Init(NULL); //if removed the function it works correctly.
    char str[20] = “BOOTLOADER ENTERED.”;
    //clock all the port pins.
    SIM_SCGC5 |= SIM_SCGC5_PORTA_MASK |
    SIM_SCGC5_PORTB_MASK |
    SIM_SCGC5_PORTC_MASK |
    SIM_SCGC5_PORTD_MASK |
    SIM_SCGC5_PORTE_MASK;
    BitIoLdd1_Init(NULL);
    
    if(Bit1_GetVal())
    {
    boot_flag = FALSE;
    AS1_SendBlock(boot_serial_ptr,str,sizeof(str));
    //enter bootloader sequence.
    }
    else
    {
    boot_flag = TRUE;
    //proceed to user code operation.
    }
    }
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on February 12, 2014 at 12:57 said:
      
      That init of AS1_Init() looks not good, and too early. Try to move it later in the sequence, as clocks/etc need to be set up.
      And use my component (https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/12/28/a-processor-expert-component-to-help-with-hard-faults/) to locate where it is crashing.
      
      I hope this helps.
      
      LikeLike
  - Niranjan on September 9, 2015 at 17:15 said:
    
    Hi Eric
    I am working with K64, using Code Warrior 10.6,the boot loader loads the app and work fine with simple project led_blink. but when try to load my application project srec file which is pretty big, I am getting Hard fault interrupt after some half the file is loaded.after debugging using Hardfault processor component, I see it is Fault address error “Precise data bus error” bit set on
    SCB->CFSR register. I do see fault address loaded in the register SCB->BFAR.
    do you know what could be causing this.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 9, 2015 at 20:10 said:
      
      I have not seen something like this. Are you crossing some memory boundaries? Is it always at the same place?
      
      LikeLike
- Niranjan on September 9, 2015 at 20:19 said:
  
  I see some strange address which is out of range in the SCB->MMFAR and SCB->BFAR Register, I dont know how I am getting that. its always at the same place.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on September 9, 2015 at 20:34 said:
    
    I would try to load a program to that same place to see if the problem is related to the place where you load it, or if it is related to the size of the binary.
    
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    Reply ↓
  - Niranjan on September 9, 2015 at 21:31 said:
    
    ‘314D0″this was the last address I saw on terminal. I have copied a part of srec file icluding that address.
    
    S214031450ACF1040C2CE9FF00F0BC8CF3088862B6F0
    S214031460704700BF70474FF08002D0E84F1F002937
    S2140314700CBFC0E8432F00F003B8002B7FF4F5AF92
    S21403148008467047EFF309807047EFF3088070470C
    S21403149080F308887047EFF30380704762B670479F
    S2140314A072B670477046704778467047EFF31480FD
    S2140314B0704700BF2400002000ED00E0000000108D
    S2140314C020ED00E0FF000000000000080000000020
    S2080314D0F613030004
    S2140314D4EC1000206C0E0020F8270020782500204E
    S2140314E4F8220020782000206C130020981C00208B
    S2140314F400000000FFFFFFFFE9FA00000000000001
    S21403150400000000000000000000000000000000CF
    S2140315148192020041940200A19502000196020002
    S2140315242D960200C996020000000000E996020008
    S21403153459970200B978010000000000000000007B
    
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    Reply ↓
  - Niranjan on September 10, 2015 at 17:00 said:
    
    Hi Eric,
    
    the issue looks to be with Srec file generation
    the address it fails is at “314D4” which is intermediate address where processor fails to flash.
    do you have any option to changes the srec file generation
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 10, 2015 at 17:03 said:
      
      Please help me with that: what is wrong with that address 0x314D4?
      What would you like to change?
      And in case this helps: this is a powerful tool for S-Record manipulation: https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/
      
      LikeLike
  - Niranjan on September 10, 2015 at 17:23 said:
    
    if you see my srec file below all the address are in boundary range
    S2 31450
    S2 31460
    S2 31470
    ……
    …..
    
    but at the point where it starts failing, srec has Boundary range has
    S2 314D4
    S2 314E4
    
    here flash block address has changed and I get that Hard fault interrupt.
    
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    Reply ↓
  - Niranjan on September 10, 2015 at 17:27 said:
    
    how could I set up srec generation in code warrior setting
    so that block address remains multiple of 16
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 10, 2015 at 17:47 said:
      
      CodeWarrior cannot do this, you need to use srec_cat (http://srecord.sourceforge.net/man/man1/srec_cat.html). Try option −Output_Block_Alignment
      
      LikeLike
  - Niranjan on September 10, 2015 at 20:07 said:
    
    Hi Eric
    
    how do I use the srec_cat in codewarrior
    do you have syntax or example of srec_cat used in code warrior for −Output_Block_Alignment
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 10, 2015 at 20:11 said:
      
      You can use it in CodeWarrior the same way as described in https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/. You can use a post build or multiple postbuild steps (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/09/23/executing-multiple-commands-as-post-build-steps-in-eclipse/). This post shows how to use post build steps in CodeWarrior: https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/10/29/s-record-manipulation-with-gnu-objcopy-and-burner-utility/
      I do not have an example ready for you, have a look at the srecord excellent manual and help pages (http://srecord.sourceforge.net/man/man1/srec_examples.html).
      I hope this helps.
      
      LikeLike
  - Niranjan on September 11, 2015 at 21:18 said:
    
    hi Eric,
    
    I was able to use srec cat for block alignment and that fixed download issue
    but now I have other issues, i am getting interrupt at Unhandled_ivINT_Reserved7.
    I tried downloading and running application from debugger and it does the same. application halts at interrupt “Unhandled_ivINT_Reserved7”
    if I change the Interrupt memory address and Memory address to default at processor expert->cpu->build options
    and download with debugger it works fines.
    
    I have below setting memory address for which i am seeing a problem
    memory area 0 – interrupt
    address -> 0x7410
    size -> 198
    
    memory area 1 – m_text_0000198
    address -> 0x75a8
    size -> 268
    
    memory area 2 – m_text
    address -> 0x8000
    size -> F8000
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on September 13, 2015 at 13:37 said:
      
      Hi Niranjan,
      hard to tell me what is going wrong 😦
      Is this Unhandled_ivINT_Reserved7 present in your vector table (which vector number?).
      I think somehow your vector table might not be properly setup.
      And you need to find out what is causing this interrupt in your application. I would step through it with the debugger to see what is causing it.
      
      LikeLike
  - Niranjan on September 14, 2015 at 14:53 said:
    
    Hi Eric,
    
    I see that is vector 7, this interrupt occurs when scheduler started by calling this function “_sched_start_internal” this is called _mqxlite().
    i did checked the map file and linker file interrupt vector set right to address where it is configured (0x7410)
    
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    - Erich Styger on September 14, 2015 at 15:14 said:
      
      As I’m not using MQX, I’m affraid that I cannot really help you here 😦
      
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  - Niranjan on September 14, 2015 at 17:24 said:
    
    Hi Eric,
    
    finally issue got solved, i changed the application start address from 0x7410 to 0x7400.
    it started working with no interrupt.
    I might MQX has boundary issues.
    
    thank you very much 🙂 .
    
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    - Erich Styger on September 14, 2015 at 17:39 said:
      
      GREAT 🙂
      
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Arun Kumar on February 17, 2014 at 09:18 said:

yes i got it now.should add it much later.
The code seems to be working(i can see the serial data showing on my console)
But now i am getting a few another strange problems:
Firstly,
When i debug the code is functions correctly
But when i program,and try again it doesn’t seem to work.
Secondly,
(When debugging )I keep getting stuck in hard fault ISR whenever i enter “BL erase”.
Thirdly,
I am a little confused as to why the MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS and APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START in bootloader.c have got the same value?

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- Arun Kumar on February 17, 2014 at 11:21 said:
  
  Update:
  I figured out the HARD FAULT error
  Had given the wrong flash start adress
  
  But now while programming the application gives me an error
  CLS1 ; Group of CLS1 commands
  help|status ; Print help or status information
  BL ; Group of Bootloader commands
  help|status ; Print help or status information
  erase ; Erase application flash blocks
  restart ; Restart application with jump to reset vector
  load s19 ; Load S19 file
  Erasing application flash blocks…done!
  S11300204D1200004D1200004D1200004D120000503322E68657804
  10 address 0x00000S000ERROR!
  0Failed at1 address 03×00000000
  S9030C21CF000000FE0000000000000000000000E2
  failed!
  Erasing application flash blocks…done!
  *** Failed or unknown command: BL load s19
  *** Type help to get a list of available commands
  CMD>
  
  Cannot make sense as to where it is giving error ??
  
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  - Erich Styger on February 17, 2014 at 12:24 said:
    
    Maybe there is something wrong with your application S19 file? Can you try the one from my example project in
    https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples
    ?
    
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Hugo Ordonez on March 28, 2014 at 20:59 said:

Would vector redirection be needed if there was no need for interrupts in bootloader routines?

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- Erich Styger on March 29, 2014 at 07:44 said:
  
  Yes, if you are not going to use any interrupts in the bootloader (well, except reset of course), then you do not need to remap vectors.
  
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Carlos Mendoza on April 16, 2014 at 20:22 said:

Hi Erich,

Thanks for the bootloader tutorial!

I have converted the bootloader to a KL46Z project using the USB CDC component instead of the Asynchronous Serial component. The bootloader firmware runs and its possible to send S19 files to it. However, the S19 file parsing always fails within the first couple of lines. I saw a comment above that discussed disabling the “Flash configuration field” in the CPU component to make the bootloader work. I’m not sure if this had to be done on the bootloader firmware or the test app (a blink app) or both. In any case, what effect has this on the bootloader? I tried disabling this option for the blink app and this caused the bootloader to continue to parse more lines past the original parsing error I saw (0x400). Howevever, the bootloader still shows parsing errors in the lines that follow. We’re running the application at 0xA000 and the first line loaded (0xA000) causes a “Fail at address…” error which doesn’t make sense to us at the moment.

Thanks in advance Erich. Any insight would be appreciated!

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- Erich Styger on April 18, 2014 at 07:53 said:
  
  Hi Carlos,
  first, make sure your S19 file is correct. I realized that something was wrong with the Blink_LED project I had published on GitHub. it was using the Burner.exe to generate the S19 file, and that S19 file was incorrect (S19 lines at the end were missing). I fixed that in the Blink_LED project (not using the burner for the S19 file, but using instead the GNU objcopy instead). You might check this out.
  The other thing is: you need to be careful not to send the data too fast to the bootloader (there is no flow control). I know this is not ideal, but I had these parsing errors with the serial bootloader too if sending the file too fast. That’s why I was using that Terminal program shown in the post with a delay for each character sent. So what I suggest is that you slow down as well the speed of sending/receiving the data just to see if this helps?
  
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Carlos Mendoza on April 16, 2014 at 20:26 said:

Hello again,

I just wanted to mention that we have already tried checking that we typed in the correct addresses for the global variables in Bootloader.c.

We’ve closely followed with all the steps in your tutorial with the exception of using the USB CDC component and with starting our application’s address at 0xA000 instead of 0x4000. Other than that the bootloader seems to work. For example the erase instruction works fine.

Thanks again!

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- Erich Styger on April 18, 2014 at 07:54 said:
  
  Hi Carlos,
  see my other comment: I believe it has something to do with the speed the data arrives at the bootloader. The erase is probably not a problem because it does not need data for it. But if you send data too fast while it is programming, then because of no flow control data gets received in a corrupted way (bytes in the S19 missing).
  
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Carlos Mendoza on April 22, 2014 at 20:35 said:

Hi Erich,

Thanks for the comment about the delay! We can now run the bootloader on the FRDM-KL46Z with USB CDC instead of UART.

Now we’re trying to step into the Bootloader without using a button. The code is essentially the same as yours except we have a timeout loop that determines whether the processor will stay in bootloader mode or if it will run the application. The loop runs for ten seconds upon power up. If any character is received via USB then the processor remains in bootloader mode. Otherwise the application code is supposed to run. The reason is that we’re developing a custom board without buttons.

However, we have two issues we’re trying to solve:

1) The bootloader sometimes erases the application code upon reset (either by pushing the FRDM-KL46Z’s reset button or by issuing “BL restart”). We have commented out the two calls for the flash erasing procedures during the S19 load feature. But we still see that this happens sometimes.

2) At other times the application seems to be downloaded (we check this by running “BL status”) but resetting the board will not run it. Rather it repeatedly seems to reset at the ten second intervals. Sometimes it seems like the application code has been partially erased.

Other concerns:

a) We’re concerned that the reason why our blink app works with the button-capable bootloader is that we’re not implementing interrupts and/or because we aren’t relocating the application’s interrupt vector table through using the VTOR register. Our end application needs interrupts so we think that we need to relocate the interrupt vector table to 0xA000. What’s your opinion on this matter?

b) Since the bootloader has used the stack before we jump into the application, don’t we need to re-initiallize the stack before we jump into the application

c) What’s the reason for displaying the first and fourth words when asking for the status (BL status)? Wouldn’t we want to know only the first two words: the stack pointer and the reset vector?

Here’s a link to our code. Perhaps it would be easier to diagnose the issues by looking at it. The only code differences are a couple of lines at the beginning of BL_Run() and the fact that we commented out the flash erasing calls within the load S19 function and the BL_CheckForUserApp().

https://www.dropbox.com/s/d6mi5uonemovnvn/IMA_BOOT.zip

Thanks again!

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- Erich Styger on April 23, 2014 at 09:11 said:
  
  Hi Carlos,
  
  wow, a lot of questions! Unfortunately it will be hard for me even check your source code, simply not having time for everything. But maybe someone else who reads this can comment.
  
  Here are my thoughts:
  
  1) if the bootloader erases the application code, check the conditions who is causing this. Maybe you have glitch somewhere?
  
  2) yes, my simple implementation does not check for a ‘finished’ status. There should be a verify and CRC added for additional checks.
  
  a) Yes, if your application is using interrupts/different interrupt vectors, you need to relocate the vector table.
  
  b) Up to you, resetting the stack pointer should be enough (you do not need to initialize the stack memory, but you can).
  
  c) I simply show the first two 32bit words of the application space so I can see if they are erased or not. Of course you could change that to show anything else, including SP and PC.
  
  I hope this helps,
  
  Erich
  
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 26, 2014 at 11:55 said:
    
    Hi Eric
    Im working with Carlos on the bootloader project. We can now download and run the simple blink program via the bootloader(not using any interrupts). Our real application uses interrupts and it freeses. I have downloaded via PE programmer and run the real application from address 0xA000 and it works well(vectors a A000 too). When I burn the bootloader and download the real appication via it (and redirect the vectos to the start of the application in Flash: SCB_VTOR= (uint32_t)APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START;), the program freeses (seems to be a hard fault), so I suspect problems with interrupts.
    I have seen in several app notes that when redirecting the vector table, it is put in RAM. I have not foud the argument for that, do you know why?
    
    Best regards
    Baldur
    
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    - Erich Styger on April 26, 2014 at 12:02 said:
      
      Hi Baldur,
      for which architectures are the application notes? Many architectures (like ColdFire or S08) can redirect the vector table, but only to RAM, and not to FLASH. So that’s in my view the reason why you see the vector table redirected to RAM.
      
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 26, 2014 at 12:13 said:
    
    Hi Eric
    And thank you for a quick reply.
    The application notes where for a range of architectures (including coldfire) so your comment makes complete sense out of it. This also complies with the fact that I allready ran my real application from A000 when flashed with a programmer.
    
    What now remain is why I get hard faults in my real app when the blink runs fine. Lets say that the vector table is OK, what else could it be?
    Any comment would be of help.
    
    Best regards,
    Baldur
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 26, 2014 at 13:07 said:
      
      it could be that your startup code does not correctly initialize the hardware. For example you need to setup the clock gates/etc otherwise you will run into hard faults. You could attach to your board while running the bootloader/application to see what is going on?
      
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 27, 2014 at 02:36 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    and thanks for the comments, it really helped me!
    I suspected that the bootloader iniatilazed some interrupt generation that the application did not have a service routine for. Carefully looking at vectors.c for both projects I could see that this was not the case, every interrupt used by the bootloader was also used by the applicatio, and as the application starts up, these interrupts must be set right.
    
    Then there could be some setup that happens after BL_CheckForUserApp. In stead of calling my app from BL_Run, I call it from BL_CheckForUserApp and now my application runs. 🙂
    
    Best regards,
    Baldur
    
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 27, 2014 at 11:12 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    Now I can download my application to flash via the bootloader. When I press the reset button on my PCB the application starts fine (when called from BL_CheckForUserApp ). My problem is that in the future I will not have access to the reset button so I would like to start the application from the bootloader (BL_Run, as you do it). But when I call the following(from BL_Run() ), after download of application the bootloader just freeses.
    
    startup = ((uint32_t*)BL_FLASH_VECTOR_TABLE)[1];
    if (startup!=-1)
    {
    ((void(*)(void))startup)(); // restart bootloader
    }
    
    First of all I do not understand why the bootloader will not work if it reset (as the application has never run and nothing has changed – mabe some interrupt is active, might I have to disable interrupt before restarting?)
    Second, is there a programable way to imitate the reset button ( pull reset line low)?
    
    Best regars,
    Baldur
    
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    - Erich Styger on April 27, 2014 at 11:35 said:
      
      Hi Baldur,
      BL_Run() does not perform a reset: it only jumps to the startup vector and runs from there. Therefore, no peripherals are reset, so BL_Run() is only a ‘weak’ software restart. What you need is a ‘real’ reset, and to my knowledge without external hardware (which toggles the reset line) the only feasible way is to enable the watchdog: as soon as you do not kick the dog any more, the system will go through a reset.
      
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 28, 2014 at 02:04 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    Excelent idea with watchdog, I never got to to try it as disabling interrupts in BL_Run() before “soft restart” seems to do what I want:
    
    /* disable all interrupts */
    asm(” CPSID i”);
    
    Thank you for all your help! 🙂
    
    Best regards,
    Baldur
    
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    Reply ↓
Carlos Mendoza on April 23, 2014 at 18:24 said:

Thanks Erich! I’ll let you know how it goes!

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Carlos Mendoza on April 25, 2014 at 13:18 said:

Hello Erich,

We figured it out!

Clicking reset in CW’s Debug view erases the application’s image in flash. However, pressing the reset button on the freedom board preserves the application’s image.

This is why the problem seemed to be intermittent.

Thanks again for all your help!

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on April 26, 2014 at 10:59 said:
  
  Hi Carlos,
  this does not make sense to me: pressing the reset button only performs a reset (loading the PC and SP from the vector table), but shall not erase your flash. I believe there must be a different problem
  
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 26, 2014 at 12:03 said:
    
    Hi Eric
    When in Bootloader project (uses flash up to A000), stopping he debugging session in CW and starting again erases all flash, also the application part (above A000).
    
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    - Erich Styger on April 26, 2014 at 13:06 said:
      
      Hi Baldur,
      can you check what is your ‘erase flash’ condition in your bootloader? I assume it wrongly assumes that condition.
      
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  - Baldur Þorgilsson on April 27, 2014 at 01:16 said:
    
    When I run the bootloader in CW debug and download my application I can see the code appear at A000. If I press the reset button in CW (reset the debugger) I see all the code being erased.
    I dont know what the ‘erase flash’ condition is.
    
    When closing down the debugger and runing the bootloader code by it self, pressing reset button on my PCB does not erase my application (so this is in real not a problem as this is how it will usually be used (that is bootloader is normally not run out of debugger))
    
    Baldur
    
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Baldur Þorgilsson on May 19, 2014 at 15:13 said:

Hi Erich
The bootloader is working fine in most computers I have tried, but not in mine. At reset the processor should start in bootloader mode and wait for 10 seconds and then jump to application if available. When switching from bootoader to application most computers give a sound signal (as when USB port is disconnected, I asume that the connection happens so fast that I dont hear that) and I can communicate with the application.
On my PC I dont hear the sound and my terminal program (RealTerm) says “A device attached to the system is not functioning” when I try to open the port, and I can not communicate. There is never a problem communicating with the bootloader immediatley after pulling out and reconnecting the USB connector. I can see that the enumeration in the call to CDC1_App_Task fails.
One idea I had, was that my computer would be slow to detect the disaperance of the port, reconnects to soon again and get confused. I tried to add delays but without luck. I also thought if there was a way to activly disconnect usb, but did not have any luck in finding such functions.

I would be happy for any comment on what the problem could be or where to look.

Best regards,
Baldur

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- Baldur Þorgilsson on May 20, 2014 at 19:05 said:
  
  Hi again.
  Finally I found some reason. All the ports on my machine is USB3, adding a hub solved the issue 🙂
  
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  - Erich Styger on May 20, 2014 at 20:32 said:
    
    ah, that makes sense. I avoid USB3 ports whenever possible 😉
    
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Bernard Esteban on July 1, 2014 at 15:31 said:

Hi Erich,
It works fine on a FRDM-K20D50M after some adjustments.
Thanks a lot.

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on July 1, 2014 at 17:27 said:
  
  Hi Bernhard,
  great!
  
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  - Bernard Esteban on July 1, 2014 at 18:01 said:
    
    About speed to program S19, it takes 5minutes with Terminal.exe, and only 5 seconds with an dedicated application in C#!!
    
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    - Erich Styger on July 1, 2014 at 18:51 said:
      
      Yes, this because the delay needed for each character is rather large in the terminal program. I tried to get reliable XON/XOFF software handshaking working, but no big success 😦
      
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- owens on November 19, 2014 at 22:35 said:
  
  would you be so kind as to upload your project with FRDM-K20D50M? would be of great help.
  Thanks
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Bernard Esteban on November 20, 2014 at 09:34 said:
    
    Hi,
    I don’t know if can upload my project here.
    
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    - Erich Styger on November 20, 2014 at 09:48 said:
      
      You cannot upload it here, but in another public place if possible? Or send it to me by email and I can put it on the McuOnEclipse GitHub, or you can make a pull request on Git too.
      
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  - owens on November 20, 2014 at 10:43 said:
    
    My email is : jerryowens@libero.it
    If you prefer to make it public send it to Erich.
    Thanks
    
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    - Erich Styger on November 20, 2014 at 20:34 said:
      
      I received the project from Bernard (many thanks!), and I have uploaded it to GitHub here:
      https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples
      
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Durgesh on July 16, 2014 at 13:47 said:

Hello Erich,

I have followed the above procedure to test the bootloader on FRDM-KL25Z. I have downloaded the BL_Blink project as i have no s19 files. I have programmed the bootloader code first. Then through the terminal, I have loaded the s19 file successfully.

If I leave the PTB8 unconnected, Program is always going into bootloader mode. I have connected the 3V3 supply to it, even then also flow is going into bootloader mode only.

What could be wrong with my setup.

Thanks in advance

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on July 17, 2014 at 11:50 said:
  
  Hi Durgesh,
  the normal configuration is that PTB8 is having a pull-up resistor to 3.3V. The bootloader only goes into bootloader mode if the pin is LOW. If the pin is high, it checks if there is a valid application vector. If so, it enters application mode. Otherwise it remains in bootloader mode. Have you debugged your bootloader code? Then you should see what is going wrong.
  
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Juan A Luna on July 21, 2014 at 09:26 said:

Hello Erich,

thanks for this nice job! I have tested under MCF51 (CN128) and works excellent!

Regards,
Juan A Luna

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on July 21, 2014 at 10:07 said:
  
  Excellent! Thanks for the confirmation that things work for you that way. I appologize that many times I just test and use things for my own usage, and that this means many times cutting corners too much…
  
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William on September 17, 2014 at 04:10 said:

Hi Erich,
I have use your components for FAT filesystem using SDHC (4 data lines) interface in a MK10DN512VLK10. I works really great. But now I need a bootloader for my system using the same interface SD. A few months ago I used AN2295 bootloader for a kl15 cpu and it worked just fine but it does not support SD card interface. You mention before about some possible extension to include SD card support using FAT to read the S19 file. Is this already done or at least I have some code to start from. If you have some comment or hint before I start I will really appreciate it.

Best regards,
William

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Anders Eriksson on October 4, 2014 at 11:03 said:

Hi Erich,
Thank you for this fantastic blog!
I have a FRDM-K64F that use with Kinetis Design Studio and PE now more and more after reading your blog. I got my problem with Freemaster solved!
Although I haven’t tested yet to change from Uart0 that uses the virtual serial port -> Uart2 + using an external USB->wire http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/Documents/DataSheets/Cables/DS_TTL-232R_CABLES.pdf
This is where I run into problem porting your serial bootloader for FRDM-KL25Z to my FRDM-K64F. I haven’t tested all the way to send an s19-file but the help and status command works fine when I use UART0, with RX at PB16 and TX at PB17.
But then when I just change to use Uart2 with RX at PD2 and TX at PD3, there is no communication on this port in the terminal program (on my COM6), but even stranger is that it still works to use the virtual CDC J-link port (on my COM9) where status and help prints ok on this port ????
Can you try to test to change from Uart0 in your project and see if you have this strange behavior also, or does the FRDM-KL25Z only have Uart0?
Kind regards,
Anders

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 4, 2014 at 20:48 said:
  
  The FRDM-KL25Z has UART0, UART1 and UART2. I used UART0 on the FRDM-KL25Z because this is the one connected to the OpenSDA so I have a virtual COM port on the PC. Same on the FRDM-K64F board: the UART0 is connected to the OpenSDA. Everything sent to the UART0 will end up on the K20, so if you are using the J-LINK firmware, then you will get it there. If you send things to UART2, then you should not get anything on UART0 (at least I have not seen that on my side). I believe you made a change, but you are still downloading the previous program? Have you regenerated code and compiled it again?
  
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  - Anders Eriksson on October 5, 2014 at 09:56 said:
    
    Yes you are right it is the old serial bootloader on Uart0 that is still running. Now I created a smaller test-program that just sends on Uart2 without anything else but I still see the red led blink and the debuggger is strange and doesn’t stop at main etc, so I looked at the GDB printouts in the console window and this line:
    ERROR: Failed to erase sectors 0 @ address 0x00000000 (Algo135: Flash protection violation. Flash is write-protected.)
    
    explains why 🙂
    
    How do I erase this protected flash?
    /Anders
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 5, 2014 at 10:28 said:
      
      Hi Anders,
      The easiest option is to use the P&E (not the Segger) firmware. The P&E OpenSDA firmware always does a mass erase, while the J-Link does not. I see if I can find and post a solution for J-Link. Until then, use the P&E firmware.
      
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Anders Eriksson on October 5, 2014 at 10:28 said:

I found J-Link commander and managed to unlock 🙂
/Anders

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 5, 2014 at 10:45 said:
  
  which command(s) did you use? I tried ‘erase’ and this did not work for me.
  
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  - Erich Styger on October 5, 2014 at 15:28 said:
    
    Guess I have answered now my own question 🙂 with https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/10/05/unlocking-and-erasing-flash-with-segger-j-link/
    It looks like I need to set the device first, then unlock followed by an erase.
    
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Pingback: Unlocking and Erasing FLASH with Segger J-Link | MCU on Eclipse
Anders Eriksson on October 9, 2014 at 01:20 said:

Hi Erich!

I have problem with this serial bootloader that I have “ported” to FRDM-K64F

It seems that it flashes everything ok, but then when I run the code, I get a hardfault in __copy_rom_to_ram it reads from 0x20c314 where there are no ROM

I have tested to dowload both the BL + my testApp with the debugger and then it works ok and reads from 0xc314

To verify the complete s19 file to what has been flashed it seems it should be possible with J-link commander, you can use “savebin” and veryfybin and even loadfile that takes a s19 file als.

But I dont trust the verify command, as it already complains at the first address and says it is not zero that it should be, but with the debugger I can see that it is zero.

Do you have any other tool or Idea to use to compare what has been flashed to the complete s19 file?

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 9, 2014 at 18:30 said:
  
  it seems to me that maybe the code is wrong if you say it crashes for 0x20c314 but works for 0xc314?
  Or is it a problem with resetting the processor and registers are not cleared properly? Does it happen if you do a ‘soft’ reset or a ‘hard’ reset (with the reset pin) too?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Anders Eriksson on October 9, 2014 at 20:26 said:
    
    Sorry for not beeing clear, the bl + the app works perfectly if I download them via the debug interface from within KDS, but if I just download the BL and run it and download the app as an S19 file in the terminal program it takes quite a while BL is from 0-0x8000 and the test app is from 0x8000-0xC320 and the BL writes Done! And the red led starts blink again.
    But after a reset the app doesn’t work. When I debug with just loading the symbols I singels step to just before I get the hard fault and it is because it tries to copy data from flash to ram but at 0x20C314 there are no memory at all.
    
    If I instead debug to the same place with the app downloaded via gdb both symbols and executable it copies from the correct address 0xC314, and it runs perfectly after.
    
    So my conclusion is that the flashed s19 is downloaded incorrectly. Either it is not correct generated or the BL doesn’t flash it correctly, do you follow me so far?
    
    So here comes my question of best method or tool to read out a memory “dump” and first comparing this dump of the app that has been downloaded via gdb and works ok
    And somehow compare it to the s19 file to be sure that the s19 is correctly generated
    Than download via serial boot loader and compare the area 0x8000-0xC320 to the s19 file or an stored bin file of the same area but flashed via gdb.
    As this readout and comparing tool I tested to use the J-link commander with its verifybin and savebin commands but I don’t trust the verifybin because it stated that it expected a zero byte at start address but it was something else, but when I debuged via gdb downloading just symbols and NOT the executable code I could see in memmory watch window at this address it was zero.
    Any help on method or tools to compare memory to s19 file or bin file is much appreciated.
    Anders
    
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Anders Eriksson on October 13, 2014 at 23:08 said:

Hi Erich

I have found a bug:

My test app:
C:\Tools\srecord-1.64-win32>srec_info Test4.s19
Format: Motorola S-Record
Header: “Test4.s19”
Execution Start Address: 000089A1
Data: 8000 – 8197
8410 – C33F

and the last lines in this Test4.s19 are:
S10FC300F8B500BFF8BC08BC9E467047AE
S107C30C8584000020
S107C3105984000048
S10BC3140100000064000000B8
S113C31C14C3000000000020080000001CC300002F
S113C32C0000FF1F000000000000000000000000DF
S107C33C00000000F9
S90389A1D2

Note all other lines above these are all the same with 0x10 number of actual data (that is they start with S113)

After flashing this Test4.s19 via the “BL load s19” in the terminal

I use J-Link commander
and I try to read the memory at 0xC300

device mk64fn1m0xxx12

J-Link>mem 0xc300 0x40
Could not read memory.

After erasing and unlocking and downloading the serial bootloader again

and sending a modified Test_ver2.s19
where I hand modified the last lines so they are all 0x10 number of data;
S113C300F8B500BFF8BC08BC9E46704785840000A1
S113C31059840000010000006400000014C3000000
S113C32000000020080000001CC300000000FF1FE4
S113C33000000000000000000000000000000000F9
S90389A1D2

Then it works and I can read the data with the mem command + the application runs perfectly, it is a Freemaster Demo app that comes with the serial device driver ver 1.8.1 from Freescale

At 0xC300 is the copy from ROM to Ram init values that explain why I had the strange hardfault

Have you tested to flash with these kind of s19 file that doesn’t have a fixed 0x10 number of data all the lines, especially in the end?

Or do you think it is some difference in some “lash write number of bytes” parameter between K64F and your KL25Z?

/Anders

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- Erich Styger on October 14, 2014 at 15:43 said:
  
  Hi Anders,
  what is the ‘S19 Buffer Size’ setting of your S19 component?
  Can you check S19_BUF_NOF_BYTES?
  
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
Anders Eriksson on October 14, 2014 at 21:21 said:

Hi Erich,

#define S19_BUF_NOF_BYTES 252 /* size in code bytes for the longest S19 line we expect */

No line is so long, the longest are the ones with 0x10 data bytes that start with “S113” and these seems to work ok.

Have you tested on your board to download these last lines, that i have problem with?

I will test to see if I can repeat the problem also with only these last lines in a very short s19 file.

Anders

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 15, 2014 at 12:12 said:
  
  I have tried on my KL25Z board your lines:
  S00F0000424C5F426C696E6B2E686578A0
  S10FC300F8B500BFF8BC08BC9E467047AE
  S107C30C8584000020
  S107C3105984000048
  S10BC3140100000064000000B8
  S113C31C14C3000000000020080000001CC300002F
  S113C32C0000FF1F000000000000000000000000DF
  S107C33C00000000F9
  S90389A1D2
  in a S19 files (just the above lines). And I checked the memory, and they get programmed correctly.
  Can you check with the debugger/memory view, and that looks good.
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
Anders Eriksson on October 16, 2014 at 13:04 said:

Yes it doesn’t only have todo with these last lines, because they work also ok on my board, can I send you my complete s19 file somehow?
Kind regards
Anders

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- Erich Styger on October 16, 2014 at 17:10 said:
  
  Yes, you can send it to my email address mentioned on the About page of this blog. I just might not have much time the next days or so.
  
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  Reply ↓
- Anthony B. on December 2, 2014 at 17:08 said:
  
  Did you solve your problem? Because I work on it too.
  I’ve already “ported” this bootloader on the K20 and that was easier 🙂 Now I have to work with the K64 and there are littles differences which stop me.
  
  For this moment I can start with the bootloader and I have no error when I send the s19 file in the K64.
  
  But my problem is to launch the application. I can’t left the BL mode.
  
  I thnik its due to the start process. Indeed I can’t find the “User initialization” property in the build options. So I’ve tried to put BL_CheckForUserApp just after the PE_low_level_init but it does not seem the right thing to do..
  
  When (and where) can I check if I have to go in the BL or in the application?
  
  Regards,
  Anthony.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on December 2, 2014 at 17:10 said:
    
    Anthony,
    is your K64F project a Kinetis SDK project? If so, then many options of Processor Expert are not available.
    
    Erich
    
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    Reply ↓
  - Anthony B. on December 2, 2014 at 17:17 said:
    
    No, for the bootloader I choose to work on Codewarrior 10.6, I think it’s safer!
    
    I have noticed that in my project with the K20 I have this option but not with the K64.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
  - Anthony B. on December 3, 2014 at 09:59 said:
    
    Well, I found a way to make it work.
    
    This is my new main:
    
    int main(void)
    {
    PE_low_level_init();
    
    //Check if the button is pressed OR if there is no application
    if(!BL_SW_GetRawVal() || !BL_CheckAppli())
    BL_Run(0x00000000);
    
    BL_LaunchApplication();
    }
    
    I don’t think it is the best way to do but it works very well 🙂
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on December 3, 2014 at 19:36 said:
      
      Yes, that way it works too 🙂
      
      LikeLike
Juanma on November 26, 2014 at 10:59 said:

Hi Erich! You’re doing a wonderful work

In the part “Bootloader or Not, that’s the Question” you say:

“One important piece is still missing: the bootloader needs to decide at startup if it shall run the Bootloader or the application. For this we need to have a decision criteria, which is typically a jumper or a push button to be pressed at power up to enter bootloader mode.”

Is it possible when you are running your app, to jump through to the begining? For example: I have a LCD application and one menu that allows to upgrade the software. When I clicked on the menu, a flag is activated and jump to the startup, and the criteria is the flag.

Is it possible?

Thanks in advance!

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- Erich Styger on November 26, 2014 at 11:03 said:
  
  Hello,
  yes, this is possible of course during the application flow.
  
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Juanma on November 26, 2014 at 11:10 said:
    
    Ok, but how?
    
    The blinking app is runing and after 10 seconds I want to jump to start. Should I call BL_CheckForUserApp(void)?
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on November 26, 2014 at 11:21 said:
      
      My KinetisTools component has a method SoftwareReset() which I use for this. See my latest version of the Serial Bootloader on GitHub.
      
      LikeLike
Juanma on November 26, 2014 at 17:51 said:

Hi Erich! The reset worked ok!

Another question: at the section “Application Memory Map” you say that I must change area 0 from @0000 to @4000 and area 2 from @0410 to @40C0. I’ve changed and when compile/run the app it crashes.

Where do I should put the bootloader? And where the app?

Thanks!

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on November 26, 2014 at 18:06 said:
  
  It is up to you to decice. But have a look at my application project:
  https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples
  
  Erich
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Juanma on November 27, 2014 at 08:46 said:
    
    You mean two different projects:
    
    – Bootloader project > @0000 to @0410+size
    
    Create new project:
    
    – Application > @4000 etc.
    
    Isn’t it?
    
    Thanks!!
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on November 27, 2014 at 18:40 said:
      
      Yes, exactly.
      
      LikeLike
Juanma on December 2, 2014 at 16:15 said:

Hi Erich

I’m debugging the BL_Blink project. When I run the project with debug it works ok. But if I stop the debug, unplug and plug the usb, the program doesn’t work itself.

I mean: the program begins at @4000, but if I don’t use the bootloader, how can I run the program without a bootloader? Should I put the decision criteria as at bootloader does?

I want to put the bootloader and the blinking project (or other) separtetly, but both must works independently.

Thanks in advance

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- Erich Styger on December 2, 2014 at 16:24 said:
  
  If you load the vector table at 0x4000, then it does not work without bootloader, as the default vector table is at 0x0000.
  So if you want to run that program without bootloader, you either need to change the vector table location in the BL_Blink project, or add a similar stub as the bootloader project.
  
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
Juanma on December 10, 2014 at 13:54 said:

Hello Erich

When I load a “light” program like BL_Blink, I use memory at 0x5000. But when I need heavy programs, I should move the app code to 0x10240.

I have a problem when reads the addresses of S19 files.

– S19 Blinking second address > S113500000300020FD59000009570000115700002E
– S19 MyApp second address > S214010240003000203D0C0100490901005109010060

It changes the S type. So when the BL_ValidAppAddress checks the address, it reads 1024 instead 10240.

How can I change the way of reading S2 instead S1??

Thanks

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Reply ↓
- Juanma on December 10, 2014 at 15:25 said:
  
  Solved!
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on December 10, 2014 at 15:27 said:
    
    Sorry, had no time to look at your request/question.But I’m curious how you have solved it?
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
  - Juanma on December 11, 2014 at 09:13 said:
    
    Ok. It’s the first time that I answer you ^^
    
    I was wrong about the first lines of each program:
    
    – BL_Blink S19’s first two lines:
    
    S00F000…..
    (first_line) S21401024000300020350C010049090100….
    
    – My App’s first three lines:
    
    S01D0000…..
    S214000400FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7EFBFFFF7C
    (first_line) S214010240003000200D690100F55801……
    
    As you can see, in my app appears a line between the S0 line (info line) and the first line of the program.
    
    Inspecting the CPU component, this line belongs to:
    
    Properties > Internal peripherals > Flash configuration field > Enabled/Disabled
    
    If I check the enable, appears this line. If put disabled, it deletes the line and bootloader works Ok!
    
    Yesterday I accomplished the challenge and I created a bootloader using the USB!!! Instead of using the AsynchroSerial, I’m using the USB and it works perfectly! The problem is the space of the KL25Z (just 128KB). I have few questions about. I’ll open another post, ok??
    
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    Reply ↓
  - Juanma on December 11, 2014 at 09:15 said:
    
    – BL_Blink S19’s first two lines:
    
    (info_line) S00F000…..
    (first_line) S2140102400030….
    
    – My App’s first three lines:
    
    (info_line) S01D0000…..
    (???????) S214000400FFFF…
    (first_line) S2140102400..
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
Juanma on December 11, 2014 at 09:29 said:

Yesterday I accomplished the challenge and I created a bootloader using the USB instead of using the AsynchroSerial, and it works perfectly! The problem is the space of the KL25Z (just 128KB).

I want to put on the flash the bootloader and my app. That’s cool if the app and the bootloader aren’t a remote control with an oled and the USB 😦

I have a menu in the bootloader and it communicates with the terminal using the USB. Then it loads the app in the flash, and after a reset boot my app. In my app I have a menu where you can update your the software, saving a flag at the flash and perfoming a KinetisTools > SoftwareReset. When it resets, checks the flag and enters in the bootloader.

– My problem is: I need the USB and Oled routines in both programs.
– My question is: Is it possible to put the USB component in a part of the flash and access from the bootloader and access from the app??? Basicly I want to reduce space.

Thanks Erich!

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on December 23, 2014 at 09:53 said:
  
  Hi Juanma,
  there should be no issue or problems to combine the USB stack with anything you want, including an OLED driver. As for your second question: this is what is usually called a ‘ROM library’. If you google for “gnu linker rom library” you will find articles on that subject.
  I hope this helps.
  
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  Reply ↓
William on December 29, 2014 at 02:02 said:

Hi Erich,
Thanks to your Serial Bootloader project I was able to modify it to upgrade my firmware from a uSD card using also your components for FAT with the SDHC controller. I’m using a custom board with MK10DN512VLK10 processor. In my case I’m not planning to use any pin to upgrade the firmware, my idea is to look for certain filename in the uSD card (the s19 file). If the file exist the bootloader will flash it and then execute it. If the file does not exist the bootloader executes the current firmware.
I had to increase the memory for the bootloader because of the FAT_Filesystem and FATFsMemSDHC components. I just doubled to make the calculations easier to me. I also changed the following definitions to match my cpu and my new segments sizes:
#define FLASH_PAGE_SIZE (IntFlashLdd1_ERASABLE_UNIT_SIZE) /* flash page size */
#define BL_FLASH_VECTOR_TABLE 0x0000 /* bootloader vector table in flash */

/* application flash area */
#define MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS 0x8000 /* start of application flash area */
#define MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS 0x7F7FF /* end of application flash */

#define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START 0x8000 /* application vector table in flash */
#define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_SIZE 0x1E0 /* size of vector table */

My application’s s19 file looks like this:
S0140000486F6C7465725F4854383030302E733139AF
S1130400FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7EFBFFFF7D
S1138000C0A9FF1F2959020095E800009DE800005F
S11380109DE800009DE800009DE800009DE8000048
S11380209DE800009DE800009DE800009DE8000038
…
…
S214025F20B81CFF1F00020000FF0000006400000013
S214025F300000000000000000000000000900190038
S210025F400E0010000A00640001FF03FFC0
S80402592977

I manually erased the S1130400… line because “BL_ValidAppAddress” was failing with it. Probably it does not matters since that line I think is for flash configuration fields according to what I understood from the datasheet.
So far the bootloader reads the file and programs it to the flash memory. This part completes without error. The problem comes when it tries to call the application after it was flashed. The application does not start. I already checked the content of the flash comparing with the S records of the file (check only the first 20 and the last 20 srecords) and the perfectly match the srecords. But the application do not start.
Any idea or hint where to look for the problem will be highly appreciated. I can upload the bootloader project in case anyone need it but it is not working yet.
Thank you very much for all the work you have been doing with the PE component, they really make my life easier.
Bestr regards,
William

PD: You can see the details of the memory segments of the bootloader and the application in the following documment: https://drive.google.com/

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William on January 5, 2015 at 05:44 said:

Hi again Erich,
I forgot to mention in may previous post that I’m using IAR compiler for boot-loader and application. Is there any difference in IAR’s main function entry point? How can I troubleshoot this problem.

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- Erich Styger on January 5, 2015 at 07:39 said:
  
  IAR is using a different startup code, so this indeed might make a difference. But the hardware entry point (interrupt vector table) is the same.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - William on January 5, 2015 at 07:54 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    Thank you for the hint, it is working now. I took the JumpToUserApplication function from the application note AN2295 bootloader source code (I have used it before for a KL25 project and IAR). Just in case anyone else is on the same path here is what I changed to make it work with IAR.
    
    add before BL_CheckForUserApp implementation:
    
    void JumpToUserApplication(unsigned long userSP, unsigned long userStartup)
    {
    // set up stack pointer
    __asm(“msr msp, r0”);
    __asm(“msr psp, r0”);
    
    // Jump to PC (r1)
    __asm(“mov pc, r1”);
    }
    
    in BL_CheckForUserApp instead off:
    ((void(*)(void))startup)();
    I use:
    JumpToUserApplication(*((unsigned long*)APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START), *((unsigned long*)(APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START+4)));
    
    After that everything started working.
    
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    Reply ↓
Kent Lin on January 5, 2015 at 06:51 said:

Hello Erich,

I tried to increase the baud rate to 115200. It cannot program the application code successfully.
Could you advise?

Best Regards,
Kent

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on January 5, 2015 at 07:38 said:
  
  Hi Kent,
  so what is the problem? Does it work for you with lower baud rates?
  If you increase the baud rate, make sure you use appropriate buffering too.
  
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Kent Lin on January 7, 2015 at 10:41 said:
    
    Hello Erich,
    
    The baud rate 38400 is too slow for me to program my application code.
    
    Is there any suggestion buffering?
    
    Thanks a lot.
    
    Best Regards,
    Kent
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on January 8, 2015 at 10:17 said:
      
      Hi Kent,
      in the AsynchroSerial, under Interrupts, you can specify the size of the ring buffer used. Use as large as you can.
      
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
Thiago on March 3, 2015 at 18:55 said:

Hello Erich,

I am pretty sure I missed something, I hope you can help me out.

I have loaded your bootloader project on the KDS and when I hit the Compile button it says “Nothing to build for project FRDM_Bootloader”. What may I be doing wrong?

Can you help me here?

Thanks,
Thiago

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on March 3, 2015 at 20:34 said:
  
  Hi Thiago,
  have you ported the project to KDS? You cannot directly use a CodeWarrior project in KDS as KDS is using a different toolchain. But you can create a new project in KDS, then copy over the components and source files, see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/03/31/copy-of-processor-expert-components/.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Thiago on March 4, 2015 at 15:25 said:
    
    Hi Erich, that did the trick, thanks!
    
    Is it possible to use any Linux tool to interface/send S19 file instead of that Windows terminal?
    
    I am trying minicom, I could connect but so far I was unable to send the file….
    
    Thanks
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 4, 2015 at 15:27 said:
      
      I don’t know minicom. But I know that only a few terminal programs have the ability to send files, and the one mentioned in my post I have found for Windows. Maybe something similar exists for Linux?
      
      LikeLike
  - Thiago on March 4, 2015 at 19:22 said:
    
    Answering my own question, I was able to use minicom to transfer files to the bootloader, so for anyone trying it on Linux, Minicom will do the job.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 4, 2015 at 19:36 said:
      
      very good 🙂
      
      LikeLike
Greg on June 4, 2015 at 18:35 said:

Would it be possible to modify this code to enter bootloader mode if a specific character is received on the serial port after reset? I’m working on an application that doesn’t give me a lot of access to the GPIO’s. I do, however have access to the UART.

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on June 4, 2015 at 20:29 said:
  
  Yes, of course this is possible. You could wait for this character in the bootloader (during boot).
  If you want to receive that character in the application: a) receive that character b) set some information for the bootloader about this (e.g. store that information in FLASH or RAM) c) trigger a reboot/restart by software d) the bootloader then can recognize that character/flag and acts accordingly.
  
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Greg on June 8, 2015 at 19:33 said:
    
    Thanks Erich;
    
    It turns out that I do have access to a GPIO pin that allows me to implement this bootlloader as is. However, when I try to run this on the MK20DX256, the code always breaks at __init_registers in __arm_start.c whenever I try to erase the device.
    
    I still want to implement the UART approach, but do you know why it would break at this location? Can I not port this code to K-series chips? I will keep digging and let you know what the problem is, if I find anything, but any help you could offer would be much appreciated.
    
    Greg
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 8, 2015 at 20:06 said:
      
      It looks like your device is doing a reset? Can you check if your watchdog is disabled? Or are you accessing peripherals which are not clocked? Or do you access memory areas which somehow do not exist? In the worst case, you need to step thought the bootloader to find out in which phase the problem occurs 😦
      
      LikeLike
  - Greg on June 8, 2015 at 20:01 said:
    
    Hi Erich;
    
    I figured out what the problem was, I was having memory addressing issues. I was trying to write to part of the protected region. Thanks for your help!
    
    Greg
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 8, 2015 at 20:07 said:
      
      Hi Greg,
      ah, you have found it 🙂
      Erich
      
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Antonio on June 15, 2015 at 15:39 said:

Great post, Erich, as forever, after all.
But i don’t understand if is possible to build the Bootloader project and the Application project as unique CW or KDS project, when is used the same serial channel (ex. uart0) both for Bootloader and for Application.
If i use the PE component (AsynchroSerial) to parse the s19 file in Bootloader, then how can use same component for my Application?

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on June 15, 2015 at 16:28 said:
  
  Hi Antonio,
  usually, you have different Eclipse projects: one for the bootloader, and one for the application. That way there is no problem to share the same serial/UART port.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Antonio on June 25, 2015 at 16:50 said:
    
    Where, in the code, you redirect the vector-table to a new address of Application vector-table? I don’t found…
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 25, 2015 at 17:03 said:
      
      Hi Antonio,
      actually, this is done in the startup of the loaded application, not in the bootloader itself.
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
tipofthesowrd on June 29, 2015 at 09:16 said:

Hi Erich

I like the idea of your small bootloader. Already this post gives more documentation then the FSL_Bootloader files from the Freescale website.

I was trying to use that ‘official’ hid bootloader to load my own binary file however I get an immediate hardfault after flashing.

I’m using GNU GCC to compile my user programs but I’m wondering if I need to adapt the startup code. If you look in IAR examples from the FSL Bootloader user applications (like the LED demo) you’ll see they adapt the start code for the Bootloader Configuration sections etc.

For example:

MODULE ?cstartup

;; Forward declaration of sections.
SECTION CSTACK:DATA:NOROOT(3)

SECTION .intvec:CODE:NOROOT(2)

EXTERN __iar_program_start
EXTERN SystemInit
PUBLIC __vector_table
PUBLIC __vector_table_0x1c
PUBLIC __Vectors
PUBLIC __Vectors_End
PUBLIC __Vectors_Size
#ifdef BL_HAS_BOOTLOADER_CONFIG
PUBLIC __bootloaderConfigurationArea
#endif

Is this really required?
I guess there is nu equivalent for the bootloader startup files for GNU GCC?

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on June 29, 2015 at 16:32 said:
  
  The startup code for IAR is somewhat different because it initializes their special library too. I don’t htink that much special things are required.
  As for your crash: have you debugged it to find out where things are crashing already?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - tipofthesowrd on June 29, 2015 at 18:34 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    
    I wouldn’t even know how to begin debugging a bootloaded application like this with openocd/gdb.
    Except for printf off course. But from printf I can see it doesn’t even reach the main function.
    Jumps directly to my custom HardFault handler.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 29, 2015 at 18:44 said:
      
      Debugging is not much different for P&E, Segger or OpenOCD with gdb. It would be much easier if you could use the debugger instead of printf(): downoad the bootloader with the debugger, then let it run and set breakpoints as needed. This should lead you to the place where the hardfault is generated.
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on June 29, 2015 at 20:31 said:
      
      Maybe it wasn’t clear. But the bootloader itself seems to work fine.
      I can flash the binary from the FSL_Bootloader package. Then with their updater application I can flash my user program.
      
      The jump from bootloader to user application does seem to happen since the hardfault handler is my own custom hardfault handler which is activated. My program runs fine if it is flashed at address 0x0000, however after changing the linker script to adjust the vector table to 0x8000 my own program immediately crashes after being flashed by the bootloader.
      
      And since the FSL_Bootloader is IAR project (which I opened in Kinetis design studio) and my own project is a GNU GCC project I’m starting to think these are not compatible. But I can find very little GNU GCC support for the kl25z even though it seems to be the preferred solution now a days?
      
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    - Erich Styger on June 29, 2015 at 21:40 said:
      
      I believe Freescale is going to release the Bootloader projects for KDS in a couple of weeks or so (saw a community post about this, but cannot find it right now). As you have changed the vector table to a different address: is this supported by the bootloader? Maybe this is the problem why your program is crashing?
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on June 30, 2015 at 09:38 said:
      
      Hi Erich
      
      no, the FSL bootloader really expects the user program (and its vector table) to be at 0x8000.
      Too bad the community forums are not the easiest to search/get info.
      Do you happen to know why the bootloaders are currently IAR only?
      
      Especially since the SDK seems to support GNU GCC just fine.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on June 30, 2015 at 09:50 said:
      
      I don’t know why they have supported IAR in the first place. Maybe it was a priority call.
      
      LikeLike
    - tipofthesowrd on July 2, 2015 at 23:38 said:
      
      Hi Erich
      
      I wanted to share my progress in any case somebody else might be able to use this info in the future. I tried a simple Blinky program as my user program:
      
      printf(“from main”);
      while (1)
      {
      // Flash LED
      
      for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++)
      asm("nop");
      
      }
      
      And this works fine! However, the second I want to use an interrupt the HardFault handler is called. When linking this program to start at address 0x0000 instead of 0x8000 the interrupt blinky works as expected.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on July 3, 2015 at 05:30 said:
      
      It sounds to me like your vector relocation register is not properly pointing to 0x8000, that’s why you get the hard fault?
      
      LikeLike
    - tipofthesowrd on July 3, 2015 at 08:33 said:
      
      Good suggestion! But shouldn’t this be taken care of by the bootloader?
      Since I’m placing my vector table at 0x8000 (as per the user guide of the bootloader) I would guess it this does for me before switching to the user application?
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on July 3, 2015 at 08:36 said:
      
      Depends how you want to implement it. It can be done in the bootloader or in the application.
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on July 3, 2015 at 08:42 said:
      
      Damn, I just checked the bootloader code the VTOR register is there.
      I’ll check the defines just to be sure.
      I really thought this was going to be it.
      
      //! @brief Exits bootloader and jumps to the user application.
      static void jump_to_application(uint32_t applicationAddress, uint32_t stackPointer)
      {
      shutdown_cleanup(true);
      
      // Create the function call to the user application.
      // Static variables are needed since changed the stack pointer out from under the compiler
      // we need to ensure the values we are using are not stored on the previous stack
      static uint32_t s_stackPointer = 0;
      s_stackPointer = stackPointer;
      static void (*farewellBootloader)(void) = 0;
      farewellBootloader = (void (*)(void))applicationAddress;
      
      // Set the VTOR to the application vector table address.
      SCB->VTOR = (uint32_t)APP_VECTOR_TABLE;
      
      // Set stack pointers to the application stack pointer.
      __set_MSP(s_stackPointer);
      __set_PSP(s_stackPointer);
      
      // Jump to the application.
      farewellBootloader();
      }
      
      And that points to –>
      //! @brief Pointer to the application vector table, which is always at the
      //! end of the bootloader region in flash.
      #define APP_VECTOR_TABLE ((uint32_t *)BL_APP_VECTOR_TABLE_ADDRESS)
      
      and then too –>
      
      // The bootloader will check this address for the application vector table upon startup.
      #if !defined(BL_APP_VECTOR_TABLE_ADDRESS)
      #define BL_APP_VECTOR_TABLE_ADDRESS 0x8000
      #endif
      
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    - Erich Styger on July 3, 2015 at 09:09 said:
      
      Yes, that looks good. So maybe something else is wrong with the vector table? Do you know which interrupt is causing that hard fault?
      I’m affraid that you will need to debug it, even if it is hard.
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on July 3, 2015 at 09:25 said:
      
      I agree. I was trying this yesterday though using openocd.
      
      After flashing the file with the bootloader and just using
      ‘file ./blinky.elf’ to load the file in gdb and then ‘monitor reset init’ but the bootloader doesn’t exit after the default 5s timeout. So I gave up on debugging with gdb at the time but I’ll look into this again.
      
      I was trying to use the timer interrupt to create a fixed delay. I was going to try to generator a uart interrupt as well but it was already after 0:00 AM so I gave up for the day.
      
      LikeLike
    - tipofthesowrd on July 4, 2015 at 12:00 said:
      
      So I tried debugging the user application. Strange thing is as a standalone loaded program via debugger (at address 0x8000) it works fine. Only when it started from the bootloader the issue appears.
      
      When trying to run an UART interrupt I can see in the debugger it crashes when trying to set NVIC_SetVector() as expected.
      
      However, even when trying to initialize a c++ object the program crashes when started via bootloader. So I’m beginning to suspect memory issues.
      
      When taking a look at the jump_to_application function: I can see the arguments are
      0x80C1 for the applicationAddress and 0x20003000 for the stackpointer.
      
      static void jump_to_application(uint32_t applicationAddress, uint32_t stackPointer)
      {
      shutdown_cleanup(true);
      
      // Create the function call to the user application.
      // Static variables are needed since changed the stack pointer out from under the compiler
      // we need to ensure the values we are using are not stored on the previous stack
      static uint32_t s_stackPointer = 0;
      s_stackPointer = stackPointer;
      static void (*farewellBootloader)(void) = 0;
      farewellBootloader = (void (*)(void))applicationAddress;
      
      // Set the VTOR to the application vector table address.
      SCB->VTOR = (uint32_t)APP_VECTOR_TABLE;
      
      // Set stack pointers to the application stack pointer.
      __set_MSP(s_stackPointer);
      __set_PSP(s_stackPointer);
      
      // Jump to the application.
      farewellBootloader();
      }
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on July 4, 2015 at 12:05 said:
      
      About that C++ crash: are you calling _start() as part of your startup code? I know that there has been an issue around this, see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/10/25/c-with-kinetis-design-studio/.
      If this is not called, the GNU library is not properly initialized, causing dynamic memory/C++ constructors to crash.
      I would as well check the heap size used in the linker file, and to increase the size to make sure there is enough memory?
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on July 4, 2015 at 17:37 said:
      
      I’m sure I’m calling _start from my Reset Handler. It’s pretty basic otherwise.
      I’ve tried making both stack and heap up to 0x400 to no avail.
      I did just notice the following in the IAR startup code of the example project:
      They seem to add an additional offset to the vector table.
      
      Below is a part of the IAR version
      #define SCS_BASE (0xE000E000) /*!< System Control Space Base Address */
      #define SCB_BASE (SCS_BASE + 0x0D00) /*!< System Control Block Base Address */
      #define SCB_VTOR_OFFSET (0x00000008)
      
      PUBLIC Reset_Handler
      EXPORT Reset_Handler
      Reset_Handler
      
      // Mask interrupts
      cpsid i
      
      // Set VTOR register in SCB first thing we do.
      ldr r0,=__vector_table
      ldr r1,=SCB_BASE
      str r0,[r1, #SCB_VTOR_OFFSET]
      
      // Init the rest of the registers
      ldr r2,=0
      ldr r3,=0
      ldr r4,=0
      ldr r5,=0
      ldr r6,=0
      ldr r7,=0
      mov r8,r7
      mov r9,r7
      mov r10,r7
      mov r11,r7
      mov r12,r7
      
      // Initialize the stack pointer
      ldr r0,=CSTACK$$Limit
      mov r13,r0
      
      // Call the CMSIS system init routine
      ldr r0,=SystemInit
      blx r0
      
      And here's my GCC version to compare
      
      Reset_Handler:
      ldr r1, =__etext
      ldr r2, =__data_start__
      ldr r3, =__data_end__
      
      subs r3, r2
      ble .Lflash_to_ram_loop_end
      
      movs r4, 0
      .Lflash_to_ram_loop:
      ldr r0, [r1,r4]
      str r0, [r2,r4]
      adds r4, 4
      cmp r4, r3
      blt .Lflash_to_ram_loop
      .Lflash_to_ram_loop_end:
      
      ldr r0, =SystemInit
      blx r0
      ldr r0, =_start
      bx r0
      .pool
      .size Reset_Handler, . – Reset_Handler
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on July 5, 2015 at 07:48 said:
      
      Also a dead end. I checked the SCB-VTOR register while breaking in main of the led_demo example project from Freescale and it’s definitively at 0x8000 without additional offset.
      
      LikeLike
    - devil103 on July 6, 2015 at 11:13 said:
      
      Hi Erich
      
      I think I might hit myself over the head. After some more debugging I found my mbed supplied CMSIS Set_Vector() function copies the vector table to RAM when initially setting an interrupt. But it copies it from 0x0000, hard coded! And by default this cmsis code comes as a compiled object file instead of the actual source file. After downloading the source file and adjusting the code my user program starts fine. Next issue is figuring out why the wait() function hangs!
      
      Thanks for the help
      
      LikeLike
- Eosis on April 1, 2016 at 16:22 said:
  
  I have been trying to do nearly the same thing as Devil103, though with the GCC toolchain.
  I also needed to alter some code in the mbed library to get my vector table loaded into RAM properly. The vector table being copied was hardcoded to 0x00000000, just as Devil103 described. The file I needed to change was:
  https://github.com/mbedmicro/mbed/blob/master/libraries/mbed/targets/cmsis/TARGET_Freescale/TARGET_MCU_K64F/cmsis_nvic.c, as well as setting the SCB->VTOR register to the correct address in the bootloader itself.
  
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Greg Wellls on August 5, 2015 at 19:32 said:

Hi Erich,

Does your bootloader perform a checksum or a CRC?

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- Erich Styger on August 5, 2015 at 19:36 said:
  
  Not in this example. It checks the checksums of each S19 line, but uses not a checksum over the whole application. That can be easily added 🙂 See https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/
  
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Đức Phú on August 19, 2015 at 05:47 said:

Hi Erich,
Can you upload all project header of this project?

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- Erich Styger on August 19, 2015 at 08:05 said:
  
  Hello,
  all the source files needed should be on GitHub (I just checked again), including all necessary header files. Of course all the generated (Processor Expert) header files and the GNU library header files are not on GitHub. Which header file are you missing? Have you generated code with Processor Expert? If so, then you find the header files in the Generated_Code subfolder of the project.
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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Pingback: Aligning S19 Records to 64-bit Boundaries | MCU on Eclipse
Steve on October 8, 2015 at 13:39 said:

Hi Erich,
your project helped me wonderful with implementing my own bootloader for a KE02 controller.
Thank you for that !

Now i try to run a procedure (hw_init) from a fixed address , i want to access the same initialization code from within the bootloader but also the application software itself.

I think i need to alter the link file manually (.ld file) ? But maybe u know another easy way with the help of processor expert?
Do u have examples how to place code at a fixed address and then call them from within 2 different programs?

Want to do the same thing for a Version number, that i want to place is a common accessible place too somewhere in flash.

kind regards
Steve

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- Erich Styger on October 8, 2015 at 21:27 said:
  
  Hi Steve,
  thank you 🙂
  I have don that kind of thing (calling a function from two programs, that is called a ROMLibrary sometimes) usually placing a function pointer or an array of function pointer at predefined address, see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/11/01/defining-variables-at-absolute-addresses-with-gcc/ how to do this.
  I don’t have an example ready right now, but I’ll see what I can do.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on October 8, 2015 at 21:37 said:
    
    Here is a quick example how to call a function from two ‘applications’. I’m using the approach to use a function pointer in FLASH, maybe there is a better idea?
    
    In one application you define the function and a function pointer to it:
    void myFunc(void) {
    }
    
    void (*const myFuncPtr)(void) = myFunc; /* allocated e.g. at address 0x1234 */
    
    Then place myFuncPtr at a known address, or check the linker map file where it is. In the above example it is at 0x1234.
    
    Now from the other application, use this:
    __asm (“.set myFuncPtr, 0x1234”);
    extern void (*const myFuncPtr)(void);
    You can call the function with myFuncPtr().
    
    I hope this helps?
    Erich
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 8, 2015 at 21:34 said:
  
  Hi Steve,
  You an place a version number at a given address in FLASH. Or you can use SRecord to create one for you and to add it to the S19 file. The following article is about placing a CRC into the application, but it is the same principle: https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/
  
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  Reply ↓
  - steve on December 6, 2015 at 10:21 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    I have updated my Bootloader, because i did find a bug in it. The problem was that i started to erase Flash from within the software itseld, and that failed halfway.
    So i have 2 options i think, still erasing within the main program but run that code in RAM or use the EEprom (Eflash) to write some “erase” flag that tells the BL to erase the main software then issue a reset so the BL reads the erase flash, wipe the user space and reset the flag.
    What method would u prefer?
    I have started with option 2 but had some problems.
    the so called EEPROM, seems just flash location of 256 bytes where i can only write bits to 0. To set them i need to erase a sector first, fortunately the sector size is 2 in the EEPROM area.
    I was wondering if processor expert offer functions especially for the EEPROM part?
    I also was wondering what the difference is between
    KIN1_SoftwareReset(); and
    Cpu_SystemReset() ?
    After i set the flash erase flag in the main software, i need to reset and need to be sure the controller is fully reset so the bootloader starts first. Can i use both reset functions?
    Thank u 🙂
    
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    Reply ↓
  - steve on December 6, 2015 at 10:31 said:
    
    It seems there is another way, so i am able to wipe flah while i am running code in the same area that i want to wipe ? with FMC ? Can i find example code of this?
    thx
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on December 6, 2015 at 12:35 said:
      
      If or if not you are able to erase/program the flash while the application is running in flash depends on the flash controller. I’m usually running my applet in RAM to have it as generic as possible. You might check the Freescale application notes on that subject if they have an example (I don’t have one).
      
      LikeLike
  - steve on December 8, 2015 at 16:31 said:
    
    Hi ,
    i have done it with a flag in EEPROM memory area.
    This works beautifull now.
    The only issue thats left is that BL_EraseApplicationFlash() is quite slow ,it takes upto 2 seconds to wipe my ApplicationFlash area. (erase sector by sector)
    So i tried to use IFsh1_EraseFlash(0); instead which should erase the full flash area.
    But this function returns ERR_VALUE .
    I think this is because the BL area (first 8K) is protected..
    
    Does someone have any advice how to erase unprotected flash fast?
    
    Thank u.
    
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    Reply ↓
Naruto Uzumaki on October 19, 2015 at 17:03 said:

Hi Erich,
May I know where I could get the source code of this? The Github link that you have shared isn’t working.

Regards,
Naruto

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- Erich Styger on October 20, 2015 at 08:38 said:
  
  Hi Naruto,
  thanks for reporting that broken link! I have fixed it now. The Project is here: https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples/CodeWarrior/FRDM-KL25Z/FRDM_Bootloader
  
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  - Naruto Uzumaki on October 20, 2015 at 11:01 said:
    
    Thanks Erich.
    
    And one more thing, can this bootloader be used if I’m using 1 wire interface?
    
    Regards,
    Naruto
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 20, 2015 at 11:14 said:
      
      Hi Naruto,
      do you mean only with a Tx line (and not Rx/Tx)? Technically, yes, that should be possible. But then sychronization will not be easy, you would need to make sure you are not sending data faster than the other side can consume it.
      
      LikeLike
  - Naruto Uzumaki on October 20, 2015 at 11:59 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    
    Yes. I intend to use Single Wire Interface using UART. For more info you can visit below link:
    https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/app-notes/index.mvp/id/214
    
    In the above link, it says, if I configure UART with 115200 Baudrate, I could achieve Single Wire Interface. So, is it possible to use Single wire interface to send the S19 file with both Tx and Rx present in single wire(half duplex)??
    
    For connection between PC and FRDM Board for single wire interface, is the circuit in below link suffice?
    http://www.instructables.com/id/1-wire-communication-interface/
    
    Regards,
    Naruto
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on October 20, 2015 at 15:13 said:
      
      Hi Naruto,
      the bootloader has no depency on the actual physical layer. So nothing would prevent you in my view to use that approach. But you have to find your yourself, good luck 🙂
      
      LikeLike
  - Naruto Uzumaki on October 21, 2015 at 06:18 said:
    
    Thank you, Erich.
    
    I’ll work on that. Will see how it goes.
    
    Regards,
    Bharath
    
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    Reply ↓
Bharath on October 29, 2015 at 12:05 said:

Hi Erich,

Where Can I find the complete source code of this project? The above link has only few files.

Thanks and Regards,
Naruto

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- Erich Styger on October 29, 2015 at 12:45 said:
  
  Hi Naruto,
  all the needed files are on GitHub. The thing is that all the other files are generated by Processor Expert, and it does not make sense to put generated files on GitHub. Simply load the project with Eclipse/Processor Expert, and you will have all the sources.
  
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Shubham Paul on November 2, 2015 at 14:33 said:

Hello Erich,
I am a complete newbie in ARM MCUs ,I am on a project of making my custom MK22DX256VLF5 board.After some researching I was able to flash a blink code to my board using the SWD debug port of the OpenSDA hardware of my FRDM kl25z(Of course I have removed the J11 trace ). I have flashed the CMSIS-DAP.s19 bootloader to debug and flash my board using Keil IDE.This too wasnt easy either for me as there was no ready made examples for MK22DX256xxx5 so I had tried a few combinations and finally after modifying the example code of MK22FN512xxx12 and importing MK22DX256xxx5 libraries I was finally able to flash the blink code to my custom development board.Now I want to develop a bootloader for my board so that I can connect my Board directly through USB and can flash the code using Keil or Code warrior but I dont have that good understanding of ARM devices, in this post I thought you have mentioned a way to make a bootloader using Processor expert software but it is not so.I am also not familiar with the terms as,Shell,FreeRTOS,So kindly help me in this respect to meet my purpose to create a USB DFU bootloader of my own that has MSD Properties as well.

My next purpose is to implement OpenSDAV2.1 on MK22DX256VLF5 to make it a general ARM debuuger for other boards,How to achieve that ?

Along with Bootloader development I would finally like to combine my above two purposes and would make a custom dev board with a OpenSDAV2.1 circuitary(with MK22DX256VLF5 if possible) for flashing and debugging the target MCU on that board (MK22DX256VLF5).The things is I want to make make the board flexible so that it can be programmed directly (using its own DFU USB bootloader) and also I want to develop a S.19 file (a bootloader) that can be used on the ON-Board Opensda debugger’s MSD (primary) bootloader to flash and Debug the target MCU.If possible kindly provide me with enough references so that a newbie like me is able to make/develop a bootloader using Processor expert or KDS or CodeWarrior.

Here are few of my posts that i have made to get help from others but was not successful till now

freescale community thread/366615

freescale community thread/379038

freescale community thread/379120

Thank you so much 🙂

Best Regards,
Shubham Paul

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on November 3, 2015 at 08:31 said:
  
  Hi Paul,
  as a starter: developing a bootloader is not the simplest thing in the world. If you are looking for a DFU bootloader, then have a look at the Kinetis SDK USB and examples: http://www.freescale.com/ksdk.
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Shubham Paul on November 3, 2015 at 14:53 said:
    
    Hello erich.
    Thank you so much for replying. I now understand what I want but still I am stuck, my purpose can be met by Porting AN4379 USB MSD bootloader to my MCU but I am not able to do it (even with the pdf ). Sorry I sent you a direct mail because I didnt see your reply.Can you provide me a guide to port AN4379 to my MCU ?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on November 3, 2015 at 18:05 said:
      
      Additionally, have a look at the uTasker project as it features bootloaders too: http://www.utasker.com
      
      LikeLike
  - anand on April 21, 2017 at 12:26 said:
    
    Hello Erich,
    
    I have done all the procedure step by step, but i have one issue in this,
    
    I am using FRDM-KL25z board, now after load .S19 file in flash, some time after power on, the FRDM board goes in to the bootloader mode, or some time in the application mode. I am not getting what happened inside, why FRDM goes in the bootloader mode.
    
    is there any facility to put device in the bootloader mode from the application mode during application run? so that we can flash new application in it.
    
    I have another query, can we use this code for KL26 after some modification.
    
    Thanks.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 21, 2017 at 13:16 said:
      
      If it goes into bootloader mode or not, depends on your bootloader decision inside the bootloader. If you are using a GPIO pin, make sure you are using the proper pull-down or pull-up resistor.
      And if you are debugging your application, you should see exactly why it is entering bootloader mode or not.
      And yes, you can go into bootloader mode from the application: See the way how to reset the target (see as well https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/07/01/how-to-reset-an-arm-cortex-m-with-software/) and then use a mofified bootloader decision code.
      I have not used it with the KL26, but I don’t see why it should not work with it too.
      
      LikeLike
  - anand on April 27, 2017 at 14:32 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    
    Thanks for your reply,
    
    I am debugging the application as you suggested, But now i am facing another issue like to share with you.
    
    I am using CW10.6 IDE, Now when i am using your any example code like.. Freedom_LED, the output Freedom_LED.hex file is ok . In this Freedom_LED project, the memory address is for flash code start from 0x4000 and ends at 1B000. so in this application, the application will be in flash from 0x4000 to 0x1b000, Now when i open this .hex file, its ok as per our requirement. In this hex file does’t have any address between 0x0000 to 0x4000. But My problem start now,
    When i create the same project using CW10.6 with all same settings with same components, the “frdm_led_kl25.hex” has one string which contain address 0x0400, so in this case bootloader gives error, as 0x0000 to 0x4000 is protected memories in bootloader code.
    
    Now the twist is now, When i copy your MKL25Z processor component from example project to my project, and compile the project, the frdm_led_kl25.hex file doesnt have 0x0400 address line.
    
    Can you explain what will be the issue …
    For your ref : Freedom_LED.hex file
    
    S012000046726565646F6D5F4C45442E68657884
    S113400000300020BD470000194500002145000094—> 2nd line
    S11340102145000021450000214500002145000004
    S113402021450000214500002145000021450000F4
    S113403021450000214500002145000021450000E4
    S113404021450000214500002145000021450000D4
    S113405021450000214500002145000021450000C4
    S113406021450000214500002145000021450000B4
    S113407021450000214500002145000021450000A4
    S11340802145000021450000214500002145000094
    S11340902145000021450000214500002145000084
    S11340A02145000021450000214500002145000074
    S11340B02145000021450000214500002145000064
    S1134410002934D00123002210B488422CD3012473
    S11344202407A14204D2814202D209011B01F8E708
    S1134430E400A14204D2814202D249005B00F8E7C1
    S1134440884201D3401A1A434C08A04202D3001BED
    S11344505C0822438C08A04202D3001B9C08224320
    S1134460CC08A04202D3001BDC082243002803D05E
    S11344701B0901D00909E3E7101C10BC7047002890
    S113448001D00020C04307B4024802A140180290A2
    S113449003BDC046190000000029F0D003B5FFF7A2
    S11344A0B9FF0EBC4243891A1847C0467047C0463C
    S11344B0C046C046C04670470020C046C046C046FD
    S11344C0C046C04601300928F7D9C0467047C046E7
    S11344D038B5051E1ED0FFF7EFFFD024013CA4B26F
    S11344E0013CA4B2FFF7E8FFFFF7E6FF002CF5D18B
    S11344F0013DADB2FFF7DCFFFFF7DAFFFFF7D8FFAE
    S1134500FFF7D6FFFFF7D4FFFFF7D2FFFFF7D0FF87
    S1134510002DE0D138BDC04608B500F087F908BDCC
    S1134520FFBE7047234B244A244910B5D150244C74
    S113453088235A010020C021224BA0508802224A1D
    S1134540E050A058B0214B010343A3501F4CA27864
    S1134550110704D5A07808210143CBB2A370184BEE
    S1134560184C00221A491A515C581A4820405850D5
    S11345701C681948204018605C5818482040802462
    S1134580640420435850164906230B704A70CC78B3
    S11345901F200440134BCC7080241C700A714A7194
    S11345A0102288790242FCD00D490C248B791C42DC
    S11345B0FCD110BD080D000000E000E00040000048
    S11345C000700440441000003810000000D0074080
    S11345D004100000FFFFFEFFFFFFF3FFFFFFFFFCDF
    S11345E00040064000500640224A38B5224813696C
    S11345F0E0210340C9000B431361204B1F255C7964
    S1134600AC435C711C790725AC431C711C4B7325AE
    S11346101C78AC4350252C431C705C786325AC4358
    S113462040252C435C709C781925AC439C70154B39
    S113463000241C70156D284001431165C120124AE5
    S113464084001359114900201940115100F022F837
    S11346500F4D286800F042F8002000F04FF8686819
    S113466000F070F8002000F07DF8A86800F09AF8D7
    S113467062B638BD00900440FFF8FFFE00F007402A
    S113468000D0074000E0074000E100E0FFFF00FF2A
    S113469000F0FF1F0B4B0C4A802110605869C902BF
    S11346A0014359611868094901401960084B0949D7
    S11346B0986C01408020400001439964064B101C13
    S11346C01A60704740F00F400CF0FF1FFFFFFBFF24
    S11346D000A00440FFF8FFFE00F0FF1F8022024B01
    S11346E0D00258607047C04640F00FF88022024B59
    S11346F0D002D8607047C04640F00FF80B4B0C4A0C
    S113470080211060586909030143596118680949F7
    S113471001401960084B0949D86C014080204000D1
    S11347200143D964064B101C5A60704740F00F4097
    S113473010F0FF1FFFFFF7FF00A00440FFF8FFFE8B
    S113474000F0FF1F8022024B100358607047C046E0
    S113475040F00FF88022024B1003D8607047C04627
    S113476040F00FF80A4B0B4A0221106058690843C5
    S11347705861186888431860074B08495868014015
    S11347808020400001435960054B101C9A6070471B
    S1134790C0F00F4014F0FF1F00C00440FFF8FFFEFC
    S11347A000F0FF1F014B02225A607047C0F00FF85F
    S11347B0014B0222DA607047C0F00FF800F02AFCC7
    S11347C0FFF7B0FE0848094A0021121A00F04CF81D
    S11347D000F0F8FB00F094FB00F02AFC04490020F0
    S11347E000F00AF800F024F800F0FF1F34F0FF1F77
    S11347F018F0FF1F00B5FEE710B5FFF7F5FE0A4CF1
    S11348006420FFF765FE2068FFF770FFC820FFF7FC
    S11348105FFE6068FFF79EFFC8204000FFF758FE68
    S1134820A068FFF7C5FFEBE700F0FF1F7047C04625
    S113483038B5051C00F0E0FB00F086FB084C23684B
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    S113485002D0884700222260281CFFF7CBFF38BD16
    S11348601CF0FF1F20F0FF1F10B5041C00F0E4FA39
    S1134870201C10BDF0B589B001901F1C0EAB039134
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    S11348F00FDA80242606B2420DD051420191029172
    S113490009E000273E1C102407E000273E1C082471
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    S11349200298211CFFF7B8FD02980591211CFFF79E
    S11349306FFD059A0290092A01D8303205E0059AE4
    S11349403732782D01D1059A57320098069B029987
    S11349500138D2B2009002700133002901D00693CD
    S1134960DEE7011C082C0BD10498002808D0302A5B
    S113497006D00B1C013B302200931A70069B0233B5
    S1134980079802280FD1002E01D1002F02D01099D0
    S113499001391091109A1192102C04D10498002816
    S11349A001D0023A119203990098119A091A8918B0
    S11349B0164A914226DC0099CA181199121A8A42A1
    S11349C003DA013830220270F5E7102C0AD1049C76
    S11349D0002C07D0019B002B04D0421E302102384A
    S11349E015700170002E02D001382D2108E0012F2E
    S11349F002D101382B2103E0022F04D101382021F8
    S1134A00017000E0002009B0F0BDC046FD010000C7
    S1134A10F0B5B64C1E1CA5446B460A900B913E3370
    S1134A2020210020197008920590089A1578002D0D
    S1134A3000D1F9E10898252100F04AFA0C900028E9
    S1134A4011D1089800F053FA0599021C0818059032
    S1134A50002A00D1E8E10B9808990A9EB047002883
    S1134A6000D0E1E1CEE00C9F089C05993A1B8B181D
    S1134A700593002A0CD10C980C9A437801321D1E20
    S1134A80252D0CD000270121BC460D97069119E075
    S1134A900B9808990A9DA8470028ECD1B2E00C9A1B
    S1134AA00021023201240892079106943DE02B2B49
    S1134AB00BDC202B10D0232B00D0BAE001239C4622
    S1134AC0013213782B2BF2D1ABE12D2B00D1A5E1D0
    S1134AD0302B00D0ADE004E00D9D012DF0D002207C
    S1134AE0A0E1069C002CEBD002200690E8E7376892
    S1134AF00436FB43D80F937802321C1C683C002117
    S1134B00042C00D8C1E0DDB26E2B00D0C7E0013226
    S1134B1008926E2D00D149E100D900E1632D00D146
    S1134B2059E107D8252D00D0F3E010AC2570099683
    S1134B30012619E0642D00D0EEE0321D09923068A0
    S1134B40032900D0F6E00799664600960195029184
    S1134B50039790A9069A0D9BFFF78CFE041E00D1C3
    S1134B603FE1634F6F443E1A069800283CD020234F
    S1134B70022800D130236F463E373B7022782B2A1F
    S1134B8004D02D2A02D0371C202A0BD1371C302BFD
    S1134B9008D10B98211C01220A9B9847002831D088
    S1134BA00134771E069902290ED1612D01D0412DC1
    S1134BB00AD1012F26DD0B98211C02220A9DA84749
    S1134BC000281FD0023F0234351C079EB54209DA83
    S1134BD069460B983E3101220A9B9847002811D060
    S1134BE00135F2E73E1C00E0351C002E03D1069887
    S1134BF0002819D115E0211C0B98321C0A9CA047EF
    S1134C000028F4D10122554205950DE169463F3152
    S1134C1020240B9801220A9F0C70B8470028F1D079
    S1134C200135079FBD42F1DB059A53190593099E8F
    S1134C30FBE6171C2A2B00D0E1E0341D36680796EA
    S1134C40002E03DA73420025079306957B78013220
    S1134C50261C284F0798B84200DDC2E02E2B11D144
    S1134C6053782A2B00D142E7013200271C1C303C28
    S1134C70092C05D80A214F4301323F191378F5E76F
    S1134C8001203AE70027381C37E71B4D295D1B4DEF
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    S1134CD01DE7752B01D0782B19D1002815D0069C1F
    S1134CE0022C00D013E70123069310E7BCFDFFFF5D
    S1134CF03F020000FD0100003A5000003550000062
    S1134D00002804D1002902D101E70127FFE6FF258D
    S1134D10FDE6582D65D116E0692D62D10DE7732D9E
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    S1134D3057D108E0022901D100B204E7012900D0CB
    S1134D4001E740B2FFE6341D09943068032906D018
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    S1134D70002C00D12F4C6346002B07D02678013439
    S1134D80002800D1F0E6BE4237DCEDE6002808D06A
    S1134D90201C61463A1C00F08EF800282DD0061B1A
    S1134DA0E2E6201C00F0A3F8061CDDE6351D09959B
    S1134DB03468022907D003290AD0002900D036E735
    S1134DC00598206033E76F461421CB5B23802EE7E0
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    S1134DF0002819D00B980C992FE63E1CB4E6002429
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    S1134E106B430132581807901378F2E7002706977E
    S1134E204EE601200D904BE605989124A400A5447C
    S1134E30F0BDC0463450000030B5C9B2031C1F2A6F
    S1134E4031D944420323234005D0D21AC518017036
    S1134E500130A842FBD1002905D00D060C042C43D7
    S1134E600B02214319435409031C002C0ED0251CAA
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    S1134E80D9612033002DF3D16301C318D006400F3C
    S1134E9007D0041C1D1C013C02C5002CFBD1800062
    S1134EA01B18032422409D18002A03D019700133D3
    S1134EB0AB42FBD130BD00B5C9B28218904205D0D7
    S1134EC0037801308B42F9D1013800E0002000BDA5
    S1134ED000B5C9B20378421C002B03D08B4205D025
    S1134EE0101CF7E74B4259414942084000BD00B548
    S1134EF0431E01331A78002AFBD1181A00BD0000A2
    S1134F0010B50B4C0B4B9C4202D001CC8047F9E707
    S1134F10094C0A48844202D008CC9847F9E7084C67
    S1134F2008498C4202D004CC9047F9E710BDC04632
    S1134F30405000004050000040500000405000002D
    S1134F40405000004050000010B5084C084B9C42F3
    S1134F5002D004CC9047F9E7064C0748844203D0BA
    S1134F60043C21688847F8E710BDC0464050000063
    S1134F7040500000405000004050000000B58842FE
    S1134F801FD0002A1DD00323194207D1184205D18E
    S1134F909A4203D908C9043A08C0F2E70123194226
    S1134FA009D1184207D19A4205D90B88023A0380E5
    S1134FB002310230E5E70B78013A03700131013028
    S1134FC0DFE700BD38B50B4D002D11D000242B199F
    S1134FD01968002906D02B1958689A68FFF7CEFF84
    S1134FE00C34F4E75A68002AF5D198680028F2D105
    S1134FF038BDC04640500000054B10B51C68002C5D
    S113500004D0A068616888472468F8E710BDC046EA
    S113501030F0FF1F054B181C002805D0854681B0D1
    S11350200020C043009001B0F746704700300020D4
    S1135030F746704700010000000102000000030071
    S11350404050000000F0FF1F0000000000000000BE
    S10B5050000000000000000054
    S90347BDF8
    
    And frdm_led_k25.hex
    
    S01300006672646D5F6C65645F6B32352E6865780B
    S1130400FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7EFFFFFF79——-> 2nd line
    S113400000300020E547000041450000494500001C
    S11340104945000049450000494500004945000064
    S11340204945000049450000494500004945000054
    S11340304945000049450000494500004945000044
    S11340404945000049450000494500004945000034
    S11340504945000049450000494500004945000024
    S11340604945000049450000494500004945000014
    S11340704945000049450000494500004945000004
    S113408049450000494500004945000049450000F4
    S113409049450000494500004945000049450000E4
    S11340A049450000494500004945000049450000D4
    S11340B049450000494500004945000049450000C4
    S113441002B4714649084900095649008E4402BC59
    S11344207047C04602B4714649084900095C490016
    S11344308E4402BC7047C046002934D001230022B8
    S113444010B488422CD301242407A14204D281420F
    S113445002D209011B01F8E7E400A14204D281421F
    S113446002D249005B00F8E7884201D3401A1A439C
    S11344704C08A04202D3001B5C0822438C08A042D3
    S113448002D3001B9C082243CC08A04202D3001B89
    S1134490DC082243002803D01B0901D00909E3E703
    S11344A0101C10BC7047002801D00020C04307B482
    S11344B0024802A14018029003BDC0461900000042
    S11344C00029F0D003B5FFF7B9FF0EBC4243891AA7
    S11344D01847C0467047C046C046C046C0467047ED
    S11344E00020C046C046C046C046C0460130092828
    S11344F0F7D9C0467047C04638B5051E1ED0FFF731
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    S1134510FFF7E6FF002CF5D1013DADB2FFF7DCFF5C
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    S113454008B500F087F908BDFFBE7047244B254A23
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    S1134560234BA0508802234AE050A058B0214B01AD
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    S11345B0154906230B704A70CC781F200440134B16
    S11345C0CC7080241C700A714A71102288790242CE
    S11345D0FCD00D490C248B791C42FCD110BDC04683
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    S1134600FFFFFEFFFFFFFFFC004006400050064096
    S1134610224A38B522481369E0210340C9000B43FC
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    S11346401C705C786325AC4340252C435C709C78DB
    S11346501925AC439C70154B00241C70156D284023
    S113466001431165C120124A8400135911490020E5
    S11346701940115100F082F80F4D286800F0A2F89B
    S1134680002000F047F8686800F068F8002000F0A7
    S113469015F8A86800F032F862B638BD00900440FE
    S11346A0FFF8FFFE00F0074000D0074000E007409D
    S11346B000E100E0FFFF00FF00F0FF1F0A4B0B4A80
    S11346C002211060586908435861186888431860CB
    S11346D0074B084958680140802040000143596055
    S11346E0054B101C9A607047C0F00F400CF0FF1F80
    S11346F000C00440FFF8FFFE00F0FF1F014B022240
    S11347005A607047C0F00FF8014B0222DA6070471C
    S1134710C0F00FF80B4B0C4A802110605869090354
    S1134720014359611868094901401960084B094956
    S1134730D86C0140802040000143D964064B101C12
    S11347405A60704740F00F4010F0FF1FFFFFF7FF63
    S113475000A00440FFF8FFFE00F0FF1F8022024B80
    S1134760100358607047C04640F00FF88022024B97
    S11347701003D8607047C04640F00FF80B4B0C4A4A
    S1134780802110605869C9020143596118680949B8
    S113479001401960084B0949986C01408020400091
    S11347A001439964064B101C1A60704740F00F4097
    S11347B014F0FF1FFFFFFBFF00A00440FFF8FFFE03
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    S11347D040F00FF88022024BD002D8607047C046E8
    S11347E040F00FF801F08CF8FFF7B0FE0848094AD2
    S11347F00021121A00F04CF801F05AF800F0F6FF0C
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    S113482010B5FFF7F5FE0A4C6420FFF765FE20681B
    S1134830FFF7D0FFC820FFF75FFE6068FFF796FF21
    S1134840C8204000FFF758FEA068FFF75DFFEBE7C4
    S113485000F0FF1F7047C04638B5051C01F042F850
    S113486000F0E8FF084C2368002B02D09847002092
    S11348702060064C2168002902D08847002222606B
    S1134880281CFFF7CBFF38BD1CF0FF1F20F0FF1FD3
    S113489010B5041C00F03EFF201C10BDF0B589B01B
    S11348A001901F1C0EAB0391079202901A78081C0A
    S11348B001990FAC01380026049225780670B142A4
    S11348C017D1119BB34214D1049B002B01D06F2D3F
    S11348D02FD0642D02D0692D00D0A8E0022F02D180
    S11348E0039802389FE0012F00D0A0E0039802381B
    S11348F094E0692D0ED004D8582D16D0642D1CD107
    S113490008E0752D04D0782D0FD06F2D15D110E04F
    S1134910002712E0019A002A0FDA80242606B24208
    S11349200DD051420191029109E000273E1C102450
    S113493007E000273E1C082403E0002600E00126CF
    S11349400A240090002006900298211CFFF7B8FD6D
    S113495002980591211CFFF76FFD059A0290092A20
    S113496001D8303205E0059A3732782D01D1059A05
    S113497057320098069B02990138D2B20090027017
    S11349800133002901D00693DEE7011C082C0BD16A
    S11349900498002808D0302A06D00B1C013B302292
    S11349A000931A70069B0233079802280FD1002E39
    S11349B001D1002F02D0109901391091109A11924F
    S11349C0102C04D10498002801D0023A11920399C2
    S11349D00098119A091A8918164A914226DC0099FE
    S11349E0CA181199121A8A4203DA01383022027065
    S11349F0F5E7102C0AD1049C002C07D0019B002B56
    S1134A0004D0421E3021023815700170002E02D0ED
    S1134A1001382D2108E0012F02D101382B2103E0B8
    S1134A20022F04D101382021017000E0002009B0D8
    S1134A30F0BDC046FD010000F0B5B64C1E1CA544F7
    S1134A406B460A900B913E33202100201970089286
    S1134A500590089A1578002D00D1F9E108982521D0
    S1134A6000F0ADFE0C90002811D1089800F0B6FEBD
    S1134A700599021C08180590002A00D1E8E10B985A
    S1134A8008990A9EB047002800D0E1E1CEE00C9FCF
    S1134A90089C05993A1B8B180593002A0CD10C9895
    S1134AA00C9A437801321D1E252D0CD000270121BC
    S1134AB0BC460D97069119E00B9808990A9DA847E2
    S1134AC00028ECD1B2E00C9A0021023201240892B1
    S1134AD0079106943DE02B2B0BDC202B10D0232BCD
    S1134AE000D0BAE001239C46013213782B2BF2D17B
    S1134AF0ABE12D2B00D1A5E1302B00D0ADE004E0DB
    S1134B000D9D012DF0D00220A0E1069C002CEBD0DD
    S1134B1002200690E8E737680436FB43D80F937801
    S1134B2002321C1C683C0021042C00D8C1E0DDB218
    S1134B306E2B00D0C7E0013208926E2D00D149E1FE
    S1134B4000D900E1632D00D159E107D8252D00D00B
    S1134B50F3E010AC25700996012619E0642D00D00D
    S1134B60EEE0321D09923068032900D0F6E007997F
    S1134B706646009601950291039790A9069A0D9BAB
    S1134B80FFF78CFE041E00D13FE1634F6F443E1AD1
    S1134B90069800283CD02023022800D130236F46F9
    S1134BA03E373B7022782B2A04D02D2A02D0371CA2
    S1134BB0202A0BD1371C302B08D10B98211C012241
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    S1134BD00ED1612D01D0412D0AD1012F26DD0B9874
    S1134BE0211C02220A9DA84700281FD0023F02343C
    S1134BF0351C079EB54209DA69460B983E310122FD
    S1134C000A9B9847002811D00135F2E73E1C00E0CA
    S1134C10351C002E03D10698002819D115E0211C5B
    S1134C200B98321C0A9CA0470028F4D1012255425B
    S1134C3005950DE169463F3120240B9801220A9F16
    S1134C400C70B8470028F1D00135079FBD42F1DB55
    S1134C50059A53190593099EFBE6171C2A2B00D0CD
    S1134C60E1E0341D36680796002E03DA734200250E
    S1134C70079306957B780132261C284F0798B84283
    S1134C8000DDC2E02E2B11D153782A2B00D142E74C
    S1134C90013200271C1C303C092C05D80A214F4343
    S1134CA001323F191378F5E701203AE70027381C51
    S1134CB037E71B4D295D1B4D2C57002C00D136E7DF
    S1134CC05378013233E76E2B0ADC632B2CD002DCE1
    S1134CD0582B30D115E0642B13D0692B2BD110E065
    S1134CE0732B23D009DC6F2B0BD0702B23D1012322
    S1134CF07825082703219C461DE7752B01D0782BC6
    S1134D0019D1002815D0069C022C00D013E70123EA
    S1134D10069310E7BCFDFFFF3F020000FD01000009
    S1134D202659000021590000002804D1002902D18D
    S1134D3001E70127FFE6FF25FDE6582D65D116E0C2
    S1134D40692D62D10DE7732D23D002D86F2D5CD16C
    S1134D500DE0752D0BD0782D57D108E0022901D133
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    S1134D80012900D1C0B2079E6246009201950296A5
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    S1134DC0E8FC00282DD0061BE2E6201C00F006FDBE
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    S1134DE00AD0002900D036E70598206033E76F46E3
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    S1134E10059E021C35180595002819D00B980C998D
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    S1134EE03A1C059EB047C1B2A1420AD006980122DD
    S1134EF0B0472E9F002F00D1C8E2099D01350995C6
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    S11352F0F1E7252D08D001220698291CB0472E9AE3
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    S113551000BDC0462B5900008022031C00B50020AA
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    S113553000BDC0462B590000031C613B00B5192B6C
    S113554000D8203800BDF0B587B0059101930D99BE
    S11355500E9B009200220A60071C1A60904216DB20
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    S11356800390201C3038092802D8B84211DB0BE003
    S1135690201CFFF731FF002806D0201CFFF74CFF29
    S11356A0011C3639B94203DD102D1DD120257AE7BE
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    S11356D08018002123600290009D01980A1CA847AD
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    S1135730FBD1002905D00D060C042C430B02214398
    S113574019435409031C002C0ED0251C013D19607B
    S113575059609960D960196159619961D96120339F
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    S11357701D1C013C02C5002CFBD180001B18032416
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    S11357B0934203D0CC5CC4540133F9E710BD00B567
    S11357C0C9B20378421C002B03D08B4205D0101CB5
    S11357D0F7E74B4259414942084000BD00B5431E1A
    S11357E001331A78002AFBD1181A00BD10B50B4CEE
    S11357F00B4B9C4202D001CC8047F9E7094C0A4884
    S1135800844202D008CC9847F9E7084C08498C42F6
    S113581002D004CC9047F9E710BDC0462C5A0000D2
    S11358202C5A00002C5A00002C5A00002C5A00005C
    S11358302C5A000010B5084C084B9C4202D004CCF2
    S11358409047F9E7064C0748844203D0043C21689A
    S11358508847F8E710BDC0462C5A00002C5A0000B7
    S11358602C5A00002C5A000000B588421FD0002A90
    S11358701DD00323194207D1184205D19A4203D9F6
    S113588008C9043A08C0F2E70123194209D11842B1
    S113589007D19A4205D90B88023A038002310230BB
    S11358A0E5E70B78013A037001310130DFE700BD11
    S11358B038B50B4D002D11D000242B19196800297F
    S11358C006D02B1958689A68FFF7CEFF0C34F4E71A
    S11358D05A68002AF5D198680028F2D138BDC0462C
    S11358E02C5A0000054B10B51C68002C04D0A0688D
    S11358F0616888472468F8E710BDC04630F0FF1F90
    S1135900054B181C002805D0854681B00020C043F3
    S1135910009001B0F746704700300020F74670470A
    S1135920000100000001020000000300808080806C
    S11359308080808080909090909080808080808013
    S1135940808080808080808080808080180404042F
    S1135950040404040404040404040404020202020B
    S11359600202020202020404040404040443434342
    S1135970434343414141414141414141414141410D
    S113598041414141414141040404040404232323CB
    S113599023232321212121212121212121212121ED
    S11359A0212121212121210404040480000000007C
    S11359B000000000000000000000000000000000E3
    S11359C000000000000000000000000000000000D3
    S11359D000000000000000000000000000000000C3
    S11359E000000000000000000000000000000000B3
    S11359F000000000000000000000000000000000A3
    S1135A000000000000000000000000000000000092
    S1135A100000000000000000000000000000000082
    S10F5A2000000000000000000000000076
    S1135A2C2C5A000000F0FF1F0000000000000000D2
    S10B5A3C00000000000000005E
    S90347E5D0
    
    You can see the second line in each hex. file.
    
    Can you guide me what to do to solve this issue.
    
    Thanks.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 27, 2017 at 20:05 said:
      
      Hello,
      can you check in the CPU settings (as in image “Application Memory Area Settings”) that you don’t have anything allocated at address 0x400 or in the area of the bootloader?
      You might check as well the linker file for this.
      
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - anand on April 28, 2017 at 06:33 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    
    Thanks again for your reply..
    
    The problem solved… In the CPU’s flash configuration settings in CW10.6, The “Flash configuration field” was Enabled. So after disabled it 0x0400 problem solved.
    
    Have a nice week, thanks again!
    
    Anand –
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
Antonio on January 21, 2016 at 12:59 said:

Hi Erich,
during the build process, is possible to know the crc or checksum of flash-image builded, via a variable/macro similar to the date and time-of-build as __DATE__, __TIME__?
Thats to validate/unvalidate an eventually partial storage of .S19 during an uploader, avoiding any launch of incomplete/errored .s19 file.

LikeLike

Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on January 21, 2016 at 19:34 said:
  
  Hi Antonio,
  not at compilation time, but after linking. See https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/
  Erich
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
Ganesh R on February 24, 2016 at 06:57 said:

Hi Erich,
Mind blowing work as always. If You have written any basic bootloader program say ” Hello World” bootloader for freescale KE-02Z processor kindly send me the link.
Thanks & Regards
Ganesh R
(Ardent follower of Erich’s Blog)

LikeLike

Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on February 25, 2016 at 05:54 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  no, I have not written that for KE02Z, so I don’t have that example. But the principle should apply here as well.
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on February 25, 2016 at 06:32 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    Oh fine Erich. Thanks for this article :).
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
Ganesh R on March 1, 2016 at 11:48 said:

Hi Erich
I have 2 doubts.
1. I am using J link segger to dump the code into board. Do I still need a terminal ?
2. I don’t have COM port, so I cant use terminal program right ?
I am yet to be graduated. So my doubt may sound rubbish to you. Kindly clear my doubt Erich.
Thanks & Regards
Ganesh R

LikeLike

Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on March 1, 2016 at 11:52 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  
  1) If you are using a Segger J-Link to program your device/board, then you don’t need a serial bootloader.
  
  2) You don’t need a COM (UART?) port, this works as well with USB CDC (Serial over USB)
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on March 2, 2016 at 03:59 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    Thanks for your speedy and clear response 🙂 . Have you tried writing a bootloader for any controller which is programmed by J link ? If you have kindly post the link. Sorry for pestering you often.
    Thanks & Regards
    Ganesh R
    (An ardent follower of Erich’s Blog)
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 2, 2016 at 05:55 said:
      
      Yes, that board presented in this post with this bootloader is programmed with a J-Link. The board can be programmed by any programmer, it does not matter for the bootloader.
      
      LikeLike
  - Ganesh R on March 7, 2016 at 06:39 said:
    
    Hey Erich,
    Thanks for the Updates to my KDS. When I tried to Include Shell to project I got this Pop Up message
    “The component “CLS1” uses another shared component for item “Console Interface”. You can add new one just now or use existing one.”
    1.FSL_USB_Stack
    2.Bluetooth_EGBT
    3.Serial
    4.SeggerRTT
    Which should I select.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 8, 2016 at 17:52 said:
      
      This configures the ‘default’ configuration channel. It depends on what you want/need. Serial uses UART, SeggerRTT is using the debug channel, Bluetooth uses a UART-to-Bluetooth channel and FSL_USB_Stack uses USB_CDC.
      
      LikeLike
  - Ganesh R on March 7, 2016 at 07:13 said:
    
    Hey Erich,
    I included USB CDC, but inside USB CDC Device’s CPU settings, the controller series which I use is not present. I am using Kinetis E series Controller. MKE02Z64VLD2
    Thanks
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 8, 2016 at 18:07 said:
      
      The KE02 to my knowledge has no USB on it, correct? So using USB CDC does not make sense to me. Use Serial instead.
      
      LikeLike
Andre Lemke on March 4, 2016 at 15:42 said:

Hi Erich!

I’m trying to use this example of bootloader . I’m just configured the KDS 3.1 to create a flash image and the “Output file format (-O)” like “Motorola S-record”, to generate the “.srec” file. When I try to load the “.srec” file on “Terminal v1.93b” some errors appear, like these:
———————————————–
Erasing application flash blocks…done!
Waiting for the S19 file…
S0 address 0x00000000ERROR!
Failed at address 0x00000400

failed!
Erasing application flash blocks…done!
*** Failed or unknown command: BL load s19
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: S113400000300020454300001544000
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: 02144000016
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: S113401021440000214400002144000
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: 02144000008
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: S113402021440000214400002144000
*** Type help to get a list of available commands
CMD> *** Failed or unknown command: 021440000F8
…….and more!

Do I need check some extra configuration on the Kinetis Design Studio 3.1?

Thanks!

André Lemke

LikeLike

Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on March 6, 2016 at 12:46 said:
  
  Hi André,
  seems that it is not able to earse the block at address 0x400? Could you run the debugger with the bootloader to see what the problem could be?
  Erich
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Andre Wille Lemke on March 6, 2016 at 20:29 said:
    
    Hi Erich, thank you for reply!
    
    The problem wasn’t in the bootloader application, but in my main application. In the component CPU, the “Flash Configuration Field” was Enabled, I just turn it to Disabled and everything works fine.
    
    Have a nice week, thanks again!
    
    André Lemke
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 6, 2016 at 20:33 said:
      
      Hi André,
      thanks for posting the solution, appreciated!
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
Ganesh R on March 17, 2016 at 09:39 said:

Hey Erich,
As per your advice I used a USB to Serial converter and created a virtual com port. You said segger rtt wont go well, instead use SERIAL from processor expert. But when I included it, it is again showing that red color cross mark “X” over the component. I dono how to include screenshots in comments here. So I created a wordpress blog and posted it. Pls check out to understand my doubt clearly.This is the link: https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/03/17/problem-in-including-serial-component-in-kds/
I am using MKE02Z64VLD2 controller for your info.
Thanks Erich

LikeLike

Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on March 17, 2016 at 11:12 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  unfortunately your screenshots are too small and not readable 😦
  Erich
  
  LikeLike
  
  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on March 18, 2016 at 06:01 said:
    
    I guess now it will be readable.. https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/03/18/problem-in-including-serial-component-in-kds-2/
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 18, 2016 at 07:28 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      yes, now I can read it. I see that you have not assigned the UART.
      Additionally, I recommend that you use the ‘no-tabs’ view, see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/06/20/switching-between-tabs-and-no-tabs-ui-in-processor-expert/
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
  - Ganesh R on March 18, 2016 at 07:32 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    Thanks for suggesting to use tabs view. Now its more clear. But I didn’t understand the statement about assigning UART. How to assign UART ? Sorry for pestering.
    Thanks
    Ganesh
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 18, 2016 at 08:30 said:
      
      See that screenshot in https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/18/uart-with-the-frdm-kl02z-board/: you need to assign a UART (e.g. UART0) to the Channel.
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
Ganesh R on March 21, 2016 at 06:26 said:

Hey Erich,
What is the use of terminal app ? I am a beginner(Still in undergraduation) with no previous experience in embedded. My understanding from this article is,
1. Write down the code you uploaded in GITHUB in the IDE (I use KDS)
2. Follow the first 2 steps of this article.
3. Before using Terminal App, dump the code into the Controller (I use KE-02Z) by using a debugger (I use Segger’s J link) connected, with the help of “Flash from file” option in KDS.
4. Once the code is dumped into the controller, disconnect the debugger, and connect the Serial to USB converter between the PC and Controller.
5. Now in the Terminal App, choose the virtual COM port created and then follow the 3rd step as mentioned in this article.
My 1st Doubt is, why do I need Terminal app, what exactly it does here ?.
I got this doubt because we have programmed a Press Button whose pressing and depressing is going to switch the control between Boot loader and Application codes.
My 2nd doubt is what should be sent over Terminal app and why ?
My 3rd doubt is https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples/CodeWarrior/FRDM-KL25Z/FRDM_Bootloader
In this link there is no BL_Blink_s19 file. Where can I find it ?
Hope I create a boot loader without any hurdles after getting this doubt cleared by you.
Thanks
Ganesh R

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- Erich Styger on March 21, 2016 at 19:27 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  A terminal program is a simple application on the host which allows you to send/receive text or binary data using a COM or virtual COM port.
  https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples/CodeWarrior/FRDM-KL25Z/BL_Blink
  
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on March 22, 2016 at 04:11 said:
    
    Hey Erich
    Thanks for helping me in every step. So here, Terminal app is used for sending that BL_Blink project’s S Record file through the com port after loading the FRDM_Bootloader project’s code in to the FRDM-KL25Z right ?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 22, 2016 at 07:38 said:
      
      Yes, exactly. See the explanation and usage in this article.
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
Ganesh R on March 24, 2016 at 04:52 said:

Hey Erich,
It is saying syntax error for this statement.
SIM_SCGC5 |= SIM_SCGC5_PORTA_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTB_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTC_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTD_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTE_MASK;
Is the syntax different for Kinetis E series controller ? I am using MKE02Z64VLD2. I am working on Kinetis Design Studio IDE.
Thanks

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- Erich Styger on March 24, 2016 at 05:46 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  your MKE02 is using different registers and different register names.
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on March 24, 2016 at 05:58 said:
    
    Hey Erich,
    Can u suggest any links where I could find solution for the problem ?
    Thanks
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on March 24, 2016 at 05:59 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      you need to consult the RM (Reference Manual) of your device for this.
      Erich
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
ganeshgechu on March 24, 2016 at 07:34 said:

Hey Erich,
Is this step mandatory, because in the Github this code snippet is mentioned in Bootloader.c but in this article where you have explained, you have skipped this step. If its mandatory to be included can you explain what this code snippet will do ?
#if 0
/* GPIOB_PDDR: PDD&=~0x0100 */
GPIOB_PDDR = (uint32_t)((GPIOB_PDDR & (uint32_t)~0x0100UL) | (uint32_t)0x00UL);
/* Initialization of Port Control register */
/* PORTB_PCR8: ISF=0,MUX=1 */
PORTB_PCR8 = (uint32_t)((PORTB_PCR8 & (uint32_t)~0x01000600UL) | (uint32_t)0x0100UL);
Thanks

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- Erich Styger on March 24, 2016 at 07:55 said:
  
  If you need that code or not depends how you want to use the bootloader. This code is about initializing the PORTB pin which can be used for a push button to enter bootloader mode.
  If you don’t need something like that, you can skip that code.
  
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  Reply ↓
Ganesh R on April 1, 2016 at 07:51 said:

Hey Erich, I need to configure PTB1 (PORTB1) pin as bootloader button in my customized board. Mine is a Kinetis E series controller (KE-02Z). Will this code (which I edited in one or two places from your original code) work ?
/* clock all port pins */
SIM_SCGC5 |= SIM_SCGC5_PORTA_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTB_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTC_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTD_MASK |
SIM_SCGC5_PORTE_MASK;
/* Configure pin as input */
#if 0
/* GPIOB_PDDR: PDD&=~0x0100 */
GPIOB_PDDR = (uint32_t)((GPIOB_PDDR & (uint32_t)~0x0100UL) | (uint32_t)0x00UL);
/* Initialization of Port Control register */
/* PORTB_PCR1: ISF=0,MUX=1 */
PORTB_PCR1 = (uint32_t)((PORTB_PCR1 & (uint32_t)~0x01000600UL) | (uint32_t)0x0100UL);
#else
(void)BitIoLdd1_Init(NULL); /* initialize the port pin PTB8 */
/* enable internal pull-up on PTB1 */
PORT_PDD_SetPinPullSelect(PORTB_BASE_PTR, 1, PORT_PDD_PULL_UP);
PORT_PDD_SetPinPullEnable(PORTB_BASE_PTR, 1, PORT_PDD_PULL_ENABLE);

Thanks in advance

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- Erich Styger on April 1, 2016 at 16:29 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  I don’t have that board at hand, but your code looks reasonable. At the end, you need to check the reference manual for the correct pin configuration, and to debug it.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Ganesh R on April 4, 2016 at 06:21 said:
    
    Thanks Erich, I hope that above code will configure my PTB! as Bootloader button 🙂
    Can you kindly tell me why XON and XOFF is referred to 0x11 and 0x13 here..
    #if USE_XON_XOFF
    #define XON 0x11
    #define XOFF 0x13
    Thanks & Regards
    Ganesh R
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 4, 2016 at 07:53 said:
      
      XON/XOFF is part of a software control flow implementation. See the links in the article and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_flow_control
      I hope this helps,
      Erich
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
ganeshgechu on April 6, 2016 at 11:28 said:

Dear Erich, I have few doubts which i have taken screenshots and posted in this link can you help me ?
Thanks
https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/04/06/44/

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- Erich Styger on April 6, 2016 at 21:44 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  “unresolved inclusion” means that the header does not exist or cannot be found. Make sure that this header file exists and is present in the compiler include search settings. KIN1.h is generated by the ‘Kinetis Tools’ Processor Expert component (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/07/01/how-to-reset-an-arm-cortex-m-with-software/). and yes, LEDR_Neg() is used to toggle the red RGB LED.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on April 13, 2016 at 08:19 said:
    
    Hey Erich,
    Thanks, I ll try to include KIN1.h as per your suggestion. Now coming to the LEDR_Neg doubt. See am not using Freedom board am using a customized board and I know its schematics. In this bootloader, we are sending s19 converted file of a LED blinking code right, my LED blinking code is like this
    
    unsigned int i;
    for(;;){
    Bit1_ClrVal();
    
    for(i=0;i<=1000000;i++); //software delay
    
    Bit1_SetVal();
    
    for(i=0;i<=1000000;i++); //software delay
    }
    
    In this code I have included a " General 1 Bit Input/ Output" Processor Expert Component. From the schematics of the board am using I found that the PORTD's PIN1 is connected to an LED. So I configured the " General 1 Bit Input/ Output" Processor Expert Component to PTD1 and set the Direction as Output, Initial value as 1. I executed the code, LED blinked fine. I tried with NegVal() instead of ClrVal and SetVal combination, the LED glew, probably the blinking was so fast to be noticed by human eyes. In you Code you have included LEDR_NegVal (). For my setup, what statement will serve the purpose instead of LEDR_NegVal()
    Thanks & Regards
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 13, 2016 at 09:40 said:
      
      Your software delay method is not appropriate and subject of compiler optimizations. At least you should use
      volatile unsigned int i;
      or use a timer based or more accurate delay method (e.g. using the Wait component).
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
  - ganeshgechu on April 13, 2016 at 10:48 said:
    
    https://mcuoneclipse.com/2013/04/28/serial-bootloader-for-the-freedom-board-with-processor-expert/#comment-82112
    In reply to this comment. Actually the code works fine Erich. LED is blinking without givin volatile unsigned.. my doubt is in the place of LEDR_NegVal() what should I write for my led blinking code which is working fine for the syntax i followed. whether it should be
    SHELL_Parse();
    LEDR_SetVal();
    WAIT1_Waitms(100);
    Ledr_ClrVal();
    WAIT1_Waitms(100);
    instead of
    SHELL_Parse();
    LEDR_NegVal();
    WAIT1_Waitms(100);
    Sorry for brooding you. Thanks for help..
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 13, 2016 at 10:51 said:
      
      LEDR_NegVal() is fine. Just mame sure that the NegVal() method is enable in the component (it is disabled by default, having an ‘x’ in the icon).
      Just one thing: you parse the shell every 100 ms. That’s a bit slow. I usually do it every 20 or 50 ms.
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
G.Ram on April 14, 2016 at 11:06 said:

static void BL_PrintStatus(CLS1_ConstStdIOType *io) {
unsigned char buf[32];

CLS1_SendStatusStr((unsigned char*)”BL”, (const unsigned char*)”\r\n”, io->stdOut);
UTIL1_strcpy(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)”0x”);
UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS);
UTIL1_strcat(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)”..0x”);
UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS);
UTIL1_strcat(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)”\r\n”);
CLS1_SendStatusStr((unsigned char*)” App Flash”, buf, io->stdOut);

UTIL1_strcpy(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)” @0x”);
UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS);
CLS1_SendStatusStr(buf, (unsigned char*)””, io->stdOut);
UTIL1_strcpy(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)”0x”);
UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), *((uint32_t*)MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS));
UTIL1_strcat(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)” 0x”);
UTIL1_strcatNum32Hex(buf, sizeof(buf), *((uint32_t*)MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS+4));
UTIL1_strcat(buf, sizeof(buf), (unsigned char*)”\r\n”);
CLS1_SendStr(buf, io->stdOut);
}
I was going through your code in GITHUB, and now I am confused What does this above code snippet would do ?
Can you explain the job done by this code ?

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- Erich Styger on April 14, 2016 at 12:03 said:
  
  Hello,
  what this code does is listing the flash areas used with the bootloader. So it would show something like this:
  App Flash : 0x00004000..0x0001FFFF
  @0x00004000: 0xFFFFFFFF 0xFFFFFFFF
  as outlined in this article.
  
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  Reply ↓
G.Ram on April 18, 2016 at 06:00 said:

Dear Erich,
I am a beginner. This whole boot loader code I found in Github. Thanks for making it available to us. I have one doubt. Whenever we create a project in KDS (any IDE for that matter) there will be following files created under SOURCES sub-folder
1.Events.c
2.Events.h
3.Main.c
Now in the SOURCES sub-folder of your Project I found the following.
1.Bootloader.c
2.Bootloader.h
3.Events.c
4.Events.h
5.Shell.c
6.Shell.h
7.sa_mtb.c

Should I delete the main.c file and create 2 seperate source files and 2 seperate header files and name them as Bootloader.c, Shell.c, Bootloader.h, Shell.h respectively and then fill in the codes provided by you?
What is the file “sa_mtb.c” for ? Is it something related to codewarrior ? I am using Kinetis Design Studio, So can I ignore it ?
Thanks & Regards
G.Ram

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- Erich Styger on April 19, 2016 at 20:54 said:
  
  Hi G.Ram,
  a bootloader is definitely not an easy start for a beginner: it is actually something of the more complex things. Events.c/.h and main.c are created and mainted by Processor Expert. If you read the sources and comments, you will see where you are can do changes. You should not delete main.c, keep it as it is. sa_mtb.c is for the ‘Software Analysis with Micro Trace Buffer’. See as well https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/12/28/migrating-kinetis-l-projects-from-beta-to-final-mcu-10-3/. Simply keep that file in your projects, and it is CodeWarrior related only (there is no such trace option in Kinetis Design Studio).
  
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  Reply ↓
  - G.Ram on April 27, 2016 at 04:41 said:
    
    Hey Erich,
    Thanks for the reply sir. In future scope, you have quoted, ” Performing vector auto-relocation: the bootloader should detect the vector table at address 0x00 of the application file and automatically relocate it to another location in FLASH. That way I can debug the Application without change of the vector table.”
    Can you explain this ? Like how it is done in this project ? and What is that you are suggesting ?
    Thanks alot sir
    G.Ram
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 27, 2016 at 08:13 said:
      
      Usually I do the vector allocation in the linker file to the correct place, so the bootloader does not need this relocation. Otherwise simply implement that in the bootloader: check if you have objects at the default vector table location, starting at address zero. If so, copy the vector table to predefine location in FLASH. Of course that re-located location needs to be available.
      
      LikeLiked by 1 person
ganeshgechu on April 18, 2016 at 08:49 said:

Dear Erich,
This is Ganesh again.. I am at the finishing stage of the boot loader project Erich. Now am facing few errors while building it. I have attached the screenshots in my blogpost. Kindly help me with the bugs.
https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/04/18/bugs-while-building-the-boot-loader-project/
Thanks

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- Erich Styger on April 19, 2016 at 21:02 said:
  
  Hi Ganesh,
  As a first comment: you are using the term ‘bugs’ for the problems you face porting that project to the Kinetis E series. Strictly speaking such things are not ‘bugs’ but porting errors while you are doing the port.
  I’m affraid that the Kientis E series is very different from the other Kinetis, so that porting task is not an easy one.
  Here are my hints for the problems you are facing:
  1. You need to check the manual of the device to find out what your page/flash sector size is (FLASH_PAGE_SIZE). This has nothing to do with your component settings.
  2. For the SIM code in BL_CheckBootloaderMode, you need to read the reference manual about all the SIM settings. You need to rewrite that function for your device. Alternatively you could check at the Processor Expert code how it does handle the clocking and muxing for your device.
  3. For the PDD macros, here again you would need to check your device manual how you turn on pull-ups on a push button (unless you use a different method to enter bootloader mode).
  
  I hope this helps.
  2.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on April 20, 2016 at 05:26 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    Thanks a lot for suggestions. But this reference manual of Kinetis E series is no where to be found. Can you suggest me the link ?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 20, 2016 at 07:25 said:
      
      It is here:
      http://www.nxp.com/products/microcontrollers-and-processors/arm-processors/kinetis-cortex-m-mcus/e-series/kinetis-ke02-40-mhz-entry-level-high-robustness-esd-emc-performance-microcontrollers-mcus:KE02_40?fpsp=1&tab=Documentation_Tab
      
      LikeLike
  - ganeshgechu on April 21, 2016 at 11:46 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    In KDS, Project Explorer -> Static_Code -> PDD -> PORT_PDD.h … I found this for my project.
    /* —————————————————————————-
    — SetPinPullSelect
    —————————————————————————- */
    
    /**
    * @brief Sets pull type.
    * @param PeripheralBase Pointer to a peripheral registers structure (peripheral
    * base address). You can use the constant defined in the registers
    * definition header file (_BASE_PTR) or the constant defined in
    * the peripheral initialization component header file
    * (_DEVICE).
    * @param PinIndex Pin index inside the port. This parameter is of index type.
    * @param Type Pull type. This parameter is of “Constants for pull type
    * selection” type.
    * @return Returns a value of void type.
    * @remarks The macro accesses the following registers: PCR[PinIndex].
    * @par Example:
    * @code
    * PORT_PDD_SetPinPullSelect(_BASE_PTR, periphID,
    * PORT_PDD_PULL_DOWN);
    * @endcode
    */
    #define PORT_PDD_SetPinPullSelect(PeripheralBase, PinIndex, Type) ( \
    PORT_PCR_REG(PeripheralBase,(PinIndex)) = \
    (uint32_t)(( \
    (uint32_t)(( \
    PORT_PCR_REG(PeripheralBase,(PinIndex))) & (( \
    (uint32_t)(~(uint32_t)PORT_PCR_PS_MASK)) & ( \
    (uint32_t)(~(uint32_t)PORT_PCR_ISF_MASK))))) | ( \
    (uint32_t)(Type))) \
    )
    
    /* —————————————————————————-
    — SetPinPullEnable
    —————————————————————————- */
    
    /**
    * @brief Sets pull type.
    * @param PeripheralBase Pointer to a peripheral registers structure (peripheral
    * base address). You can use the constant defined in the registers
    * definition header file (_BASE_PTR) or the constant defined in
    * the peripheral initialization component header file
    * (_DEVICE).
    * @param PinIndex Pin index inside the port. This parameter is of index type.
    * @param State Requested state of pull enable. This parameter is of “Constants
    * for pull enabling/disabling” type.
    * @return Returns a value of void type.
    * @remarks The macro accesses the following registers: PCR[PinIndex].
    * @par Example:
    * @code
    * PORT_PDD_SetPinPullEnable(_BASE_PTR, periphID,
    * PORT_PDD_PULL_DISABLE);
    * @endcode
    */
    #define PORT_PDD_SetPinPullEnable(PeripheralBase, PinIndex, State) ( \
    PORT_PCR_REG(PeripheralBase,(PinIndex)) = \
    (uint32_t)(( \
    (uint32_t)(( \
    PORT_PCR_REG(PeripheralBase,(PinIndex))) & (( \
    (uint32_t)(~(uint32_t)PORT_PCR_PE_MASK)) & ( \
    (uint32_t)(~(uint32_t)PORT_PCR_ISF_MASK))))) | ( \
    (uint32_t)(State))) \
    )
    
    My code:
    PORT_PDD_SetPinPullSelect(PORTB_BASE_PTR, 1, PORT_PDD_PULL_UP);
    PORT_PDD_SetPinPullEnable(PORTB_BASE_PTR, 1, PORT_PDD_PULL_ENABLE);
    
    In your code you have used PTB8 as BTLD button. I am trying to use PTB1 as BTLD button.
    As per the PORT_PDD.h the syntax I am following is correct. But still it shows error 😦
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on April 21, 2016 at 12:07 said:
      
      Does PORTB_BASE_PTR exist in your system/header files?
      
      LikeLike
  - ganeshgechu on April 21, 2016 at 12:10 said:
    
    Dear Erich, In continuation with the previous reply, the wrong was on my part. Sorry. I forgot to read the first few lines of the code in PORT_PDD.h
    Only these controllers in Kinetis E series supports the statements.
    !defined(MCU_MKE02Z2) /* PORT */ && \
    !defined(MCU_MKE02Z4) /* PORT */ && \
    !defined(MCU_SKEAZN642) /* PORT */ && \
    !defined(MCU_MKE04Z1284) /* PORT */ && \
    !defined(MCU_MKE04Z4) /* PORT */ && \
    It says,
    #error encountered with text: PORT PDD library: No derivative is active. Place proper #include with PDD memory map before including PDD library.
    
    I couldn’t find anything with respect to this problem in reference manual too.
    
    1. Is there any header file other than #include PORT_PDD.h which will support this statements in my code.
    
    2. I configured the BL_SW (PTB1) as input in the processor component properties. So is it enough if we write code for enabling the Pull up ? (Though the code which configures PTB1 as input didn’t throw any error while building the project. I got the error only in the code statements pertaining to Pull up )
    
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    Reply ↓
ganeshgechu on April 22, 2016 at 08:05 said:

Dear Erich,
I promise this will be the last doubt I ll be troubling you with respect to Code. I have made few changes with regard to enabling Pull up and initializing Port Pin which didn’t result in error 🙂 . I want you to validate it. All my previous errors are cleared now, but I have got a new error on KIN software reset. I guess KE-02z is not supported by KIN.c 😦 . I have compiled my last doubts and screenshots in this link. Please take a look and help me .

https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/04/22/probably-my-last-doubt-erich-as-for-as-code-is-concerned/

Thanks Erich

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- Erich Styger on April 22, 2016 at 09:56 said:
  
  KE02Z support has been added to the latest McuOnEclipse component release on SourceForge (https://sourceforge.net/projects/mcuoneclipse/files/PEx%20Components/) in the 2016-04-03 release. Please use that one.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on April 22, 2016 at 11:08 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    After installing the update, I closed and reopened the project. Then tried to generate PE code for my project. A new error is thrown 😦 . I have attached the screenshots in NXP forum in reply to your answer.
    
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    Reply ↓
ganeshgechu on April 25, 2016 at 10:04 said:

Dear Erich,
Now the code is building fine. There is no errors thrown. But I have one doubt. Once the controller enters the Boot loader mode, what all it does ? Like when it enters application mode, it loads the srec application file for blinking the LED. Similarly when it enters the boot loader mode what it does ?

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- Erich Styger on April 25, 2016 at 19:23 said:
  
  When it enters bootloader mode, it will check/ask for an s19 file to be programmed as the application.
  
  Erich
  
  LikeLiked by 1 person
  
  Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on April 26, 2016 at 07:19 said:
    
    Thanks Erich.. But I am facing another problem when I tried to test my code with the Hardware. Kindly check this link. https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/04/25/no-code-gets-executed-after-programming-the-board-with-my-boot-loader-project/
    I flashed the Boot loader project into my board. It threw semihosting error. After that no code which am trying to run in the board is working. Not even a simple blinking of an LED code.
    I have posted the errors I am getting. I am afraid my board got spoiled. Please help me like you always do.
    
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    Reply ↓
ganeshgechu on April 25, 2016 at 14:43 said:

Dear Erich,
I flashed the Boot loader project into my board. It threw semihosting error. After that no code which am trying to run in the board is working. Not even a simple blinking of an LED code.
https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/04/25/no-code-gets-executed-after-programming-the-board-with-my-boot-loader-project/
Check this link. I have posted the errors I am getting. I am afraid my board got spoiled. Please help me like you always do.
Thanks

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on April 26, 2016 at 20:22 said:
  
  You should set one handler for each interrupt (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/02/20/oh-my-an-interrupt/), otherwise you don’t know what is causing the interrupt. To me it seems that you don’t have configured the vector table properly?
  
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  Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on May 2, 2016 at 06:41 said:
    
    Dear Erich, I don’t remember doing anything with regard to Vector Table.. All I have done is partitioning the flash. I did that as per the AN4775 document (Page number 9) available in the NXP site. Do you have any articles elucidating, how to configure the vector table?
    Thanks
    Ganesh
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 2, 2016 at 19:24 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      I don’t have a specific tutorial/article about this topic.
      But your vector table for the bootloader (at 0x00000000) is different from the application vector table. You need to set the VTOR to point to the application vector table as I have done this in my bootloader.
      
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - ganeshgechu on May 3, 2016 at 05:02 said:
    
    Hi Erich
    I can understand what is my problem from your reply but I don’t know how to to set the VTOR to point to the application vector table as I am new to this IDE and this controller. Can you give me more insights about this ?
    Thanks
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 3, 2016 at 16:25 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      see DOC-103961
      
      Erich
      
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    - G.Ram on May 4, 2016 at 06:08 said:
      
      Hi Erich,
      I have one doubt. In the Screenshot titled, “Boot loader Flash Area”, you have configured m_text (Memory area 2) with address 410 and size 3BF0. At the end of this article in the screenshot titled “Application Flash Area”, you have configured the m_text (Memory Area 2) with address 40C0 and size 1BF40. Have you over-written the m_text area from address 410 to 40C0 and size from 3BF0 to 1BF40.. I am confused here.. Have you over-written that or is it separate memory areas for boot loader and application. If its separate, how is it done ?
      Thanks
      G.Ram
      
      LikeLike
Vishal Girisagar on April 27, 2016 at 12:44 said:

Hi Erich,
I am trying to implement this on FRDM-K22F. I am using FAT FS to read the executable from the SD Card. The problem I am facing is as below.

CPU MK22FN512VLH12 has no option to set the code that should be called before the PE_Initialization is called? Any alternative for this?

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- Erich Styger on April 27, 2016 at 19:17 said:
  
  Hi Vishal,
  So you want to do a bootloader which uses a file from the SD card?
  In that case, you only need to check if you want to enter bootloader mode inside PE_Initialization. Then proceed to the bootloader main and load the file from the bootloader application code.
  
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
William Junqueira on April 29, 2016 at 22:13 said:

Hi Erich,

What else should I do to make a Kinetis SDK project run with this bootloader? I had 100% success using PE projects and following all the above steps from this post, but failed on trying to upload KSDK projects… Tips, related posts, and why not, the complete solution are very much appreciated!

Thanks in advance.
William

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- Erich Styger on May 1, 2016 at 15:57 said:
  
  Hi William,
  is your problem that the bootloader works, but you cannot load KSDK projects? I don’t see any reason why it would not work for SDK projects? But you need to make sure that the SDK project is using a different vector table location than the the one of the bootloader (at address zero).
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - William Junqueira on May 4, 2016 at 23:29 said:
    
    I adapted this bootloader project for a FRDM-K64F, and I am sure the problem is not the modifications itself. I’m going to try to explain what I did so far to make it work.
    
    1) Adapted the project for FRDM-K64F using pretty much the same steps from this post, but changing UART pins and the defines
    MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS to 0x8000;
    MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS to 0xFFFFF;
    APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START to 0x8000;
    APP_FLASH_VECTOR_SIZE to 0x400.
    These values are like that due to the minimal erasable region of K64 which has a size of 0x8000.
    
    2) Created a simple blink led KSDK project following instructions from this link (DOC-103429);
    
    3) Changed the RAM/ROM areas as shown in the image below:
    
    4) As i didn’t find the checkbox for “Flash Configuration Field” in CPU->properties, I opened the file startup_MK64F12.s and erased the lines where was written the following:
    /* Flash Configuration */
    .section .FlashConfig, “a”
    .long 0xFFFFFFFF
    .long 0xFFFFFFFF
    .long 0xFFFFFFFF
    .long 0xFFFFFFFE
    (Procedure suggested as shown in page 12 of this document: KBOOT.pdf
    
    5) Generated the .S19 file, downloaded to the board and right after jumping to the application address, nothing else happens…
    
    I believe I’m quite close to the solution and there is a little detail that I didn’t get yet. Also, there was a strange behavior in this project because I couldn’t debug it properly. KDS was unable to start debugging from the main function address, it didn’t even set the breakpoint in the beginning.
    
    So, what is the missing trick then?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 5, 2016 at 15:34 said:
      
      Hi William,
      I don’t spot any obvious mistake. Did you run the bootloader with the debugger? You should see how it jumps into the application code. Maybe something is missing there?
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - William Junqueira on May 18, 2016 at 21:53 said:
    
    Well, after testing my adapted bootloader with a simple KSDK application, I have some conclusions:
    
    1) In fact, it is possible to run a KSDK project after the bootloader jump. The project I was testing is a simple blink led. But there is something very particular when I try to put extra code in my project. In this same working project, i just tried to put two toggling leds and the project was no longer able to run…
    
    2) Depending on the size of the S19 file, bootloader calls HardFault handler when it tries to record addresses at the end of the file…
    
    If you have a FRDM-K64F in hands, and would like to help me in this issue, the related project files are in the link below. Bootloader project opens in CW and Blink_test opens in KDS. Also, there is a small terminal that I made to rush flash progress where terminal waits ack message from bootloader to send the next line. So that it’s not needed to put a 1ms delay between bytes sent.
    
    https://www.dropbox.com/sh/58c24jor9rm5z9g/AABuLRNPF9NmRpsHGafxvo51a?dl=0
    
    Hope you can help me. Thanks in advance.
    William.
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 19, 2016 at 13:29 said:
      
      Hi William,
      I don’t have a K64F board with me (I’m travelling right now). I try to have a look at your files next week when I’m back in the office.
      
      LikeLike
  - William Junqueira on June 3, 2016 at 16:08 said:
    
    Hi Erich!
    
    Did you find some time to take a look at my files?
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 3, 2016 at 18:36 said:
      
      No, not yet 😦
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on June 12, 2016 at 08:24 said:
      
      Hi William,
      finally I have found some time to look at your files, and I had taken with me a FRDM-K64F board while travelling. But when I tried your project, I see that you are using CodeWarrior, not KDS? I don’t have CodeWarrior installed on my machine right now as the notebook has been migrated to Windows 10. It will take me some more time to try this out on CodeWarrior.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on June 12, 2016 at 08:26 said:
      
      Hi William,
      I just see that your bootloader project is set up to a RAM target by default? Is this really the case for you on CodeWarrior (I loaded it into KDS).
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - William Junqueira on June 13, 2016 at 18:51 said:
    
    Hi Erich!
    
    If I knew you would discontinue using codewarrior for your projects, i would have migrated the whole BL project to KDS, but I just adapted the project available on your GItHub. Anyway, about the question, in CW the project apparently appears to be set up to flash target. This is what i see…
    
    And please, tell me if it would be better for you to migrate this project to KDS. I can make it quickly.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 13, 2016 at 18:57 said:
      
      I still have a few CodeWarrior projects, but they are for maintenance only. I have moved my ARM development to GNU and KDS nearly completely. So if you have that project for KDS, that would be easier for me for sure.
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
- William Junqueira on May 19, 2016 at 13:40 said:
  
  Ok, I’ll be waiting. Thank you, Erich.
  
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  Reply ↓
- William Junqueira on June 13, 2016 at 22:31 said:
  
  Hi Erich,
  
  I Just finished porting bootloader project to KDS, but things are getting worse…
  The previous working blink leds that I put together in my dropbox folder (blink_test) is no longer running after loading srec file, and another project without ksdk (blink_test_no_ksdk) generates a srec file which is calling the hardfault handler during flash process. I believe the bootloader is well ported to KDS, you can check that out too.
  
  Just waiting for good (or bad) news!
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on June 15, 2016 at 15:32 said:
    
    I have fixed the bootloader sequence and loaded the project here:
    https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples/KDS/FRDM-K64F120M/FRDM-K64F_Bootloader
    So if you want to follow what I’m doing, you could check it there. Not sure how much time I will have today, but at least I’m able to run the bootloader itself (not tried to load application yet).
    
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    Reply ↓
  - William Junqueira on June 15, 2016 at 20:08 said:
    
    Ok Erich. Just checked your modifications. I wasn’t having problems on bootloader sequence, but i’ll follow your changes.
    
    I see that our friend Nate is facing the same problems. Well, let’s wait and see what can be done.
    
    Thank you!
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 15, 2016 at 21:29 said:
      
      I got it nearly working. I face hard faults if the flash block address is not 8byte aligned. I have it ‘fixed’ in the S19 file for now, but I need to check what the exact problem is. If the flash blocks in the S19 file are 8byte aligned, no problem.
      I have it running with the Terminal.exe as in the blog post, as your terminal program crashes on my machine.
      
      LikeLike
  - William Junqueira on June 15, 2016 at 22:26 said:
    
    Nice to know that. I Suspected it could be the addresses misaligned, but I couldn’t know why. Do you know what is the reason for the tool to generate the S19 file like that? It is going to need a workaround in bootloader code to deal with it.
    
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    Reply ↓
  - William Junqueira on June 15, 2016 at 23:55 said:
    
    Oh God, you had the solution for all these problems in this post…
    
    https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/09/23/aligning-s19-records-to-64-bit-boundaries/
    
    I’m so sorry for taking your time. If i knew it could be specifically related to the s19 file, I wouldn’t ask you so many question, and even asked you to see any projects. Now, that K64F bootloader project you commited needs a workaround to make misaligned s19 files work. If you still don’t have time to work on “third-parties” projects, i’ll try to submit a fix.
    
    Thank you very much for everything!
    
    P.S.: As i wrote that little terminal only for myself, i didn’t test it in other machines, but it’s very useful for large s19 files. So i’m gonna test it in other computers and OS to track bugs and exceptions.
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 16, 2016 at 08:16 said:
      
      Ah, you already found it 🙂
      I admit that there could be more diagnostic information in the bootloader about failure points like this (I just added one additional one on the project on GitHub). I have used that way of bootloader for some slow OTA (over the air) updates where slow connection is not a problem (or a fact). What is not ideal right now that it flashes for every S19 line: having longer S19 files helps to avoid that. But I might consider to extend the bootloader to use a larger RAM buffer (e.g. 4 or 8 KByte). Will see if I can find time for this.
      
      LikeLike
    - Erich Styger on June 16, 2016 at 16:40 said:
      
      Hi William,
      I have now extended the K64F project on GitHub with buffer handling, and it works that way fine (at least with my preliminary tests). I only have found that using the Segger USB CDC firmware was loosing some characters. Switching to the P&E OpenSDA firmware solved that problem.
      I have added a blinky test program on GitHub in that K64F folder too.
      
      LikeLike
G.Ram on May 4, 2016 at 06:40 said:

Hi Erich,
I have one doubt. In the Screenshot titled, “Boot loader Flash Area”, you have configured m_text (Memory area 2) with address 410 and size 3BF0. At the end of this article in the screenshot titled “Application Flash Area”, you have configured the m_text (Memory Area 2) with address 40C0 and size 1BF40. Have you over-written the m_text area from address 410 to 40C0 and size from 3BF0 to 1BF40.. I am confused here.. Have you over-written that or is it separate memory areas for boot loader and application. If its separate, how is it done ?
Thanks
G.Ram

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- Erich Styger on May 4, 2016 at 12:50 said:
  
  I have reduced the m_text area to the size of 0x3FB0. This is only to make sure that the application flash area starting at 0x4000 is not occupied by the bootloader.
  
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  Reply ↓
  - G.Ram on May 4, 2016 at 13:23 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    My doubt was, At the beginning of the project, m_text area parameters are address 410 and size 3BF0 , at the end of the project m_text area parameters are address 40C0 and size 1BF40.
    From your reply I understand like this.
    So just for protecting the 4KB flash you are configuring m_text parameters to be 410 & 3BF0. Once the flash area for boot loader code is protected. You are allocating memory for application code (which is 40C0 + 1BF40) right ?
    Thanks
    G.Ram
    
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    Reply ↓
ganeshgechu on May 4, 2016 at 16:36 said:

Dear Erich
There are no errors now. But Terminal application is unresponsive to my commands. Kindly Check this link and guide me.
https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/05/04/terminal-application-is-unresponsive/
Thanks
Ganesh

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- ganeshgechu on May 5, 2016 at 14:17 said:
  
  Hey Erich.
  Sorry for keeping on bugging you. But as I showed in this link, the bits are getting transmitted. Tx:0x26 as shown in my figure. But nothing is getting received Rx:0. In your article at the bottom of terminal app, it shows Tx:398 , Rx:32315. Can you spot out where my problem is ?
  (https://oscarganesh.wordpress.com/2016/05/04/terminal-application-is-unresponsive/)
  Thanks
  Ganesh
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Erich Styger on May 5, 2016 at 15:26 said:
    
    Hi Ganesh,
    you really need to hook up a scope/logic analyzer to your Rx and Tx lines and check them. The numbers in the terminal program won’t help you much if anything at all.
    Erich
    
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    Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on May 6, 2016 at 06:00 said:
    
    Hi Erich,
    Thanks a lot for replying. I ll try your suggestion. But I have got one doubt Erich. I found you first, through this article of yours. https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/10/06/putting-code-of-files-into-special-section-with-the-gnu-linker/
    Now the LED blinking file (my application code) should be put in the application code starting address (0x1000) for successful loading through Terminal application ?
    Thanks
    Ganesh
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 6, 2016 at 07:54 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      you need to put your application where you have specified it in your bootloader: so if your bootloader fits below 0x1000 and you have specified that your application shall be at 0x1000, then that’s ok. But I think your bootloader might be something larger than 4096 bytes, so you need to adjust the memory range accordingly.
      
      LikeLike
  - ganeshgechu on May 6, 2016 at 13:05 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    
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    Reply ↓
  - ganeshgechu on May 6, 2016 at 13:30 said:
    
    Dear Erich,
    I forgot that my serial connection is RS 485. So I need to toggle it everytime I send and receive (Half Duplex).
    For Rx
    GPIO_PDD_ClearPortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    For Tx
    GPIO_PDD_SetPortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    
    In which all places of the code should I include these lines Erich ?
    And in terminal, since there is no RS 232 involved, is it enough If Xon/Xoff handshaking alone is selected ?
    
    LikeLike
    
    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 6, 2016 at 13:57 said:
      
      Hi Ganesh,
      I have not used half duplex, so I guess you have to do this somewhere in the communication layer.
      As for Xon/Xoff: I had mixed sucess with this, and it did not work well for me.
      Better to slow down the data traffic.
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - BalaRam on May 9, 2016 at 08:06 said:
    
    Hey Ganesh,
    Hi Erich Sir,
    I am also using a half duplex connection only. I tried this code and got desired results
    
    for(;;) { GPIO_PDD_TogglePortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    CLS1_SendStr(“Hello World!\r\n”, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    WAIT1_Waitms(1000);
    CLS1_SendStr(“Welcome Bala!\r\n”, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    }
    
    But I am unsuccessful when I try this code. It builds without any errors. It gets debugged inside the board without any errors. But when I press the Resume button, there is nothing in the Terminal Application.
    
    static void ReadText(void) {
    uint8_t buffer[32], ch, i;
    for(;;) {
    GPIO_PDD_TogglePortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    CLS1_SendStr(“Enter some text: “, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    buffer[0] = ‘\0′;
    i = 0;
    do {
    if (CLS1_KeyPressed()) {
    GPIO_PDD_TogglePortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    CLS1_ReadChar(&ch); /* read the character */
    if (ch!=’\0’) { /* received a character */
    buffer[i++] = ch; /* store in buffer */
    if (i>=sizeof(buffer)) { /* reached end of buffer? */
    buffer[i] = ‘\0′; /* terminate string */
    break; /* leave loop */
    }
    if (ch==’\n’) { /* line end? */
    buffer[i] = ‘\0’; /* terminate string */
    break; /* leave loop */
    }
    }
    }
    } while(1);
    GPIO_PDD_TogglePortDataOutputMask(GPIOA_BASE_PTR, GPIO_PDD_PIN_21);
    CLS1_SendStr(“You entered: “, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    CLS1_SendStr(buffer, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    CLS1_SendStr(“\r\n”, CLS1_GetStdio()->stdOut);
    }
    int main(void)
    {
    PE_low_level_init();
    }
    
    Did you have any success Ganesh ?
    Erich, do you have any suggestion for this ?
    Thanks Ganesh and Sir
    Looking forward to your replies sirs.
    Bala
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 9, 2016 at 13:50 said:
      
      Hi Balam,
      can you step through you code with the debugger to see what is going on?
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
BalaRam on May 7, 2016 at 07:38 said:

Hi sir,
This is Bala. This article serves as the bible for a beginner who tries to design a boot loader. Kudos to your effort. I have few doubts sir. I am interested in designing boot loader for a Freescale’s KE-02Z controller.
1. Can this code be run in win_hc08sprog ?
2. Will the same logic work if I use a switch instead of a push button as BTLD button ?
Thanks sir.
Looking forward to hear from you
Bala

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on May 7, 2016 at 08:28 said:
  
  Hi Bala,
  1. the win_hcs08prog is using a custom protocol, so you have to have this application running on the host. That’s exactly the reason why I wrote that serial bootloader which only needs a terminal program, and not a special application on the host. Bottom line: you cannot use the win_hcs08sprog for this bootloader.
  2. the same logic works for any microcontroller, and any means of way to entering the bootloader. It can be any push button or pin, or any other way to signal to the bootloader that it needs to enter the bootloader mode.
  
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
  LikeLiked by 1 person
  
  Reply ↓
  - BalaRam on May 10, 2016 at 08:16 said:
    
    Hi Sir,
    Thanks a lot for your reply. Sir My last doubt. There is no main.c file in your project in GITHUB. With all due respect, How will the code run without a main() function ?
    Correct me if am wrong, because I have never seen a code without main() function.
    Thanks Sir
    Looking forward to your reply sir
    Bala
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 10, 2016 at 12:41 said:
      
      Hi Bale,
      The main() function is in https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/blob/master/Examples/CodeWarrior/FRDM-KL25Z/FRDM_Bootloader/Sources/ProcessorExpert.c. The name if the file is not relevant.
      Erich
      
      LikeLike
  - BalaRam on May 10, 2016 at 13:41 said:
    
    Hey Sir,
    Sorry I thought it is some Processor Expert generated file. I am very sorry. My Boot loader code should be within 0x0000 to 0x1000 that is 4KB, But My Boot loader code size is
    text data bss dec hex filename
    8112 36 4068 12216 2fb8 Bootloader.elf
    EVEN AFTER ENABLING THE OPTIMIZATION OPTION IN TOOL SETTINGS.
    I am using KDS version 2. Can I reduce the code to less than 4KB. ? 😦
    Thanks sir.
    Looking forward for your reply sir.
    Bala
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on May 11, 2016 at 20:46 said:
      
      Hi Bala,
      well, reducing the from 8K to 4K for sure is not a simple thing. You would have to cut off features and functions to get there.
      For example you would have to write your own flash programming library. That should reduce your code size. Or use a very minimal startup code.
      Have a look at the linker .map file what is using the most space in your bootloader and try to optimize it.
      
      LikeLike
  - BalaRam on May 12, 2016 at 08:36 said:
    
    Hi Sir,
    I am just a beginner. So I don’t know if I can write my own flash programming library, or can modify my startup code. The only idea which I currently have in my mind is to change the boot loader memory allocation. At present I am trying to keep my boot loader code within 0x0000 to 0x1000 (4KB), I have to modify it to, 0x0000 to 0x2000 (8KB). And yea, again I have to change all the application code memory area.
    Correct me if I am wrong sir.
    Thanks alot sir.
    Bala
    
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    Reply ↓
Nathaniel Hinshaw on June 15, 2016 at 15:35 said:

Hello Erich, I’ve been doing work on a serial bootloader for a K64F board, using a few lines out of your example, in this case,
startup = ((uint32_t*)APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START)[1]; and
((void(*)(void))startup)();
I have ran into some strange issues, for instance, after loading the file and verifying all checksums for validity, the code is ran and immediately jumps to the unhandled interrupt breakpoint, 0xFF. this seems strange in that I don’t use the boot-loader, and instead run with the interrupt vector at 0x0000000, i do not encounter any errors. it only happens after changing the “to be loaded” codes interrupt vector up and attempting to load it. Any thoughts on what could be causing my issue? i did attempt to relocate the vector table with SCB_VTOR= (uint32_t)0x40000; at the address i store the “to be loaded” code, but I do not know if i did it correctly. For reference I have the vector start defined as this
#define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START 0x40000

-Thanks for the help
Nate Hinshaw

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- Erich Styger on June 15, 2016 at 15:47 said:
  
  Hi Nate,
  not sure what it is, maybe I find out out with the K64F I’m doing right now.
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
  - Nathaniel Hinshaw on June 15, 2016 at 18:59 said:
    
    Through further testing, i can tell that the application im loading in gets to the end of the while loop that contains its main running actions. Once it gets there, it seems to ignore that the loop is a while(1), and ends the loop, followed by the unhandled interrupt. is there something else that I need to do to properly jump to my application?
    
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    Reply ↓
    - Erich Styger on June 15, 2016 at 20:01 said:
      
      No, nothing special needed. Could it be that it is not the code running you are debugging? I would check and step the assembly code if it makes sense.
      
      LikeLike
Nathaniel Hinshaw on June 20, 2016 at 14:21 said:

I fixed the issue I was previously having by making a new project with mostly the same code in it. I did overhaul the reading in of S19 files, but that was mostly to add a handshake between my flashing program and the board, with an echo back once the flash task was complete. Thanks for the help Erich, Your blog has been incredibly helpful

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Nathaniel Hinshaw on June 22, 2016 at 17:30 said:

I am now running into the same hard fault, but for code that shouldn’t be causing a crash.

Flashing
S30D000457EC000000000114000096
followed by
S329000457F4EC57040000A0002008000000F45704000005FF1F0000000000000000000000000000000006
causes a hard fault on the side of the boot-loader. Memory maps are attached.
working memory map http://dumptext.com/ltPfs83q
hard fault memory map http://dumptext.com/MS9S6jM4

Those locations in memory appear to be for the __Data_ROM and the __m_data_1FFF0000_ROMStart locations

Is there something I am unfamiliar with that is causing this issue? Any help you could give would be greatly appreciated

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on June 22, 2016 at 17:35 said:
  
  Hi Nathaniel,
  I cannot tell from the information. Maybe you can send me that S19 file or the KDS project to my email address (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/about/) and I might have a look at it?
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
K Webster on September 22, 2016 at 11:14 said:

Hi Erich,

Is there a way to debug the application (with the relocated vector table, etc) when a bootloader isn’t present? Say my application starts from address 0x8000, how can I get KDS to debug the application?

Thanks, Kevin

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on September 26, 2016 at 11:21 said:
  
  Hi Kevin,
  It depends where your vector table is. Out of reset, it is at address 0x0000’0000. Are you saying that your application vector table is at 0x0000’8000? As for debugging, it all depends if your debug symbols are loaded in the debugger, and if they are at the right place/address of your code. I have not used relocatable code (yet) (if this is what you are asking for?).
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  Reply ↓
kishanblogemb on October 12, 2016 at 09:23 said:

Hello Eric sir,
I am using FRDM k64f board, I have configured project as the above blog.
But I am getting address 0x00(dword addr == 0) in following function:-

static bool BL_ValidAppAddress(dword addr) {
return ((addr>=MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS) && (addr failed errors ….

May I know the exact values of address and size to be write in RAM/ROM area in Build option section….

I also downloaded the project from github…. and tested but no success…

Thank you…
Kishan

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Reply ↓
- Erich Styger on October 12, 2016 at 10:08 said:
  
  Hi Kishan,
  if you get an address of zero in your application, then it probably means you have the vector table at address zero? This won’t work as the bootloader vector table is at that location, that’s why BL_ValidAppAdddress() is used to check this. You need to move your application vector table to the valid range. Have a look at the project in https://github.com/ErichStyger/mcuoneclipse/tree/master/Examples/CodeWarrior/FRDM-KL25Z/BL_Blink (but this is for CodeWarrior, btw).
  
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  - kishanblogemb on October 12, 2016 at 12:49 said:
    
    Hello sir,
    I am sorry that may be I am talking rubbish…. but how do I make vector table address to 0x4000
    
    and second thing at starting in BL_CheckForUserApp(); function
    if (startup!=-1 && !BL_CheckBootloaderMode()) function… this step is skipped by my controller while debugging….
    as
    /*(startup = 0xffffffff)
    APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START = 0x40000*/
    
    void BL_CheckForUserApp(void) {
    uint32_t startup; /* assuming 32bit function pointers */
    
    startup = ((uint32_t*)APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START)[1]; /* this is the reset vector (__startup function) */
    
    /* at this stage startup becomes = 0xffffffff */
    
    if (startup!=-1 && !BL_CheckBootloaderMode()) { /* we do have a valid application vector? -1/0xfffffff would mean flash erased */
    ((void(*)(void))startup)(); /* Jump to application startup code */
    }
    }
    
    so controller is not checking weather BL_SW is pressed or not….
    
    Thank you…
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 12, 2016 at 17:11 said:
      
      Hi Kishan,
      have a look at the project link I have sent you: it is very easy that way and using Processor Expert, there is a setting in the CPU component.
      The second question is related to that: that code checks the presence of the relocated vector table plus checks if the application is in bootloader mode or not.
      
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  - kishanblogemb on October 13, 2016 at 08:57 said:
    
    Hello sir Thanks for reply….:)
    
    Now Actually I am debugging the code as from your link given in github….
    But now I am getting address 0x400 instead of 0x40000…
    and at 0x400 it shows invalid flash address
    Invalid flash address: 1024!
    
    In mempry map from 0x400 to 0x410 is for Flash_config…
    I think controller try program from address 0x400…
    
    my config in program as follow..
    
    #define MIN_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS 0x40000 /* start of application flash area */ //0x40000
    #define MAX_APP_FLASH_ADDRESS 0x5FFFF /* end of application flash */
    
    #define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_START 0x40000 /* application vector table in flash *///0x40000
    #define APP_FLASH_VECTOR_SIZE 0x400 /* size of vector table */ // 0xc0
    
    In my application program memory map is from
    0x40000to0x40197 :- vector table adress and
    0x40198 to 0x5FFFF as flash address …
    
    What to do for address 0x40000…???
    please make me correct if I am wrong anywhere…
    
    Sorry for any inconvenience….
    
    Thank you…
    Kishan..
    
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  - kishanblogemb on October 13, 2016 at 13:34 said:
    
    Hello Eric Sir,
    
    I successfully uploaded s19 file via bootloader!!!…
    
    But in my case Process took very much time to upload BLINK s19 file (Around 5 minutes)….
    
    Is process is really slow or I am doing it wrong way……
    Settings on terminal is as shown in blog…. (only Baud rate is 115200)
    
    Also while uploading file before done message comes it will displays message as :
    
    Erase sector at 0x40000
    Program sector at 0x40000
    
    done
    CMD>.
    (Which is not in your blog images)
    
    After that BLINK program runs successfully….
    
    Thanking you….
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 13, 2016 at 14:40 said:
      
      The flash programming in this example is not using buffering or any other optimization, so yes, it is not very fast.
      
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- kishanblogemb on October 14, 2016 at 11:48 said:
  
  Hello Erich Sir,
  
  Today I tried Kinetis bootloader files and I successfully run that boot loader using “freedom_bootloader.bin” binary file. It will give flash FSL bootloader at USB K64f-J22 connector on FRDM board.. By using “KinetisFlashTool” upload .bin file to controller. It is running successfully….
  
  Thanks for your help and your valuable time….!!!!
  
  Regards,
  Kishan
  
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  - Erich Styger on October 14, 2016 at 12:07 said:
    
    great! 🙂
    
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K Webster on October 23, 2016 at 21:55 said:

Hi Erich, I’m attempting to pass the contents of a user application “bin” file over a serial port, 512 bytes at a time as part of a bootloader application. How can I use the IntFlash component and functions within this example to write these 512 byte blocks to flash? Is there a device-specific requirement as to the size of the blocks I can write all at once? I have all the code in which captures these 512 bytes of data, I’m just unsure of how to write them to flash. Thanks.

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- Erich Styger on October 24, 2016 at 08:05 said:
  
  Hi Kevin,
  I recommend that your read in and buffer that 512 bytes in RAM first, then write it to the FLASH with the SetBlockFlash() method of the IntFLASH component.
  That component will care about the alignment and the necessary steps to program the FLASH. Have a look as well here: https://mcuoneclipse.com/2014/05/31/configuration-data-using-the-internal-flash-instead-of-an-external-eeprom/
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  - K Webster on October 24, 2016 at 09:46 said:
    
    Thanks Erich. So presumably, I just need to alter the block size accordingly for my MCU? Likewise (and for confirmation), I’m presuming that the flash address I pass into the function is my IMAGE_ADDR + offset (where offset is index * 512)?
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 24, 2016 at 11:27 said:
      
      Hi Kevin,
      you don’t need to alter the block size. That flash function accepts a pointer to data, the size of the data and a pointer where to write the data. The component should take care about alignment and proper block erase.
      Of course it is better if your blocks are already aligned, so the component does not need to make a backup, then erase and then write the flash.
      
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  - kwebster83 on October 24, 2016 at 11:52 said:
    
    Ok, thanks for your help Erich.
    
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  - K Webster on October 24, 2016 at 23:28 said:
    
    Hi Erich, sorry – another question. I’ve set my application so that its m_interrupts section starts at 0x10000 and m_text from 0x10410 (reducing the overall size as necessary). The output file is then converted to a bin. When I look at the contents of the bin file, the first 0x10000 bytes are almost all zero’s with the application data starting at 0x10000. Is there any way to get rid of this first part of the binary? Thanks.
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 25, 2016 at 10:13 said:
      
      Binary files are what they are: a binary dump of the memory. Intel Hex or S19 are much better (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/09/27/s-record-intel-hex-and-binary-files/).
      You could use the SRecord tool (see https://mcuoneclipse.com/2015/04/26/crc-checksum-generation-with-srecord-tools-for-gnu-and-eclipse/) and then only generate the binary from an offset (0x10000).
      In your bootloader you need to know then that the offset is 0x10000 and start loading at that address.
      
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  - K Webster on October 25, 2016 at 10:36 said:
    
    Hi Erich, I’ve just read back my comment – please ignore it.
    
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kwebster83 on October 25, 2016 at 22:44 said:

Is there any way to specify the endian-ness of the bytes loaded into the FTFL registers? For example, I’m writing my user program to flash as a bin file – when I come to jump to the user application, the bytes are reversed from the contents of the bin file.

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- Erich Styger on October 26, 2016 at 05:55 said:
  
  I think you have to revert them in your loader.
  
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- K Webster on October 26, 2016 at 10:11 said:
  
  Ok, thanks for confirming. I thought there may have been an option within the component to specify endianness – however having had some sleep, I’ve since discovered that this isn’t the issue. The issue is that occasionally, when the bin file is created, the values from location 0x10000 are all zero and I think it is to do with my linker configuration. Sometimes this is not the case but mostly, it is.
  
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  - kwebster83 on October 26, 2016 at 11:06 said:
    
    I’ve since realised that when I change the location of the m_interrupts section and the m_text sections (to 0x10000 and 0x10410 respectively) that the m_cfmprotrom location doesn’t change when the linker file is regenerated by PE. If I disable the re-generation of the linker file and then manually change the m_cfmprotrom location to 0x10400 then rebuild the application, the resulting bin file no longer contains data for addresses 0x00 to 0xFFFF, just data for 0x10000 onwards whereas before I changed the m_cfmprotrom I was getting everything including zeros in the SP and PC locations.
    
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K Webster on October 26, 2016 at 21:54 said:

Hi Erich, I’ve now managed to get past all of the hurdles and can actually program a “bin” file in – correctly – over USB CDC. However – and its an annoying however. When I step through my bootloader to the point where it comes to jump to the user application address at location 0x10004 (I can confirm that the location contained at this address is 0x11FF1 (__thumb_startup) from my user application map file), execution shoots off to some random location. If I run the user application in the debugger though, it executes as expected from the same address (if I breakpoint on __thumb_startup). Any suggestions as to what could be going on? Thanks

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- Erich Styger on October 27, 2016 at 08:25 said:
  
  Hi Kevin,
  did you step through that jump code with assembly stepping (https://mcuoneclipse.com/2012/10/27/assembly-instruction-stepping/) and does that make sense? So I would expect it should load that 0x11ff1 into a register and do a jump on it?
  I hope this helps,
  Erich
  
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  - K Webster on October 27, 2016 at 09:52 said:
    
    Hi Erich, I didn’t actually try with assembly stepping. I just checked that the address loaded into the “jump” variable was of the correct location (which it was) and just jumped – I can check using this method though. One thing that’s been on my mind is interrupts – I don’t actually disable them before I jump so I’m wondering whether this is causing an issue, especially if the interrupt table is overwritten while interrupts are enabled.
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 27, 2016 at 11:16 said:
      
      Yes, good point: for the interrupts, the vector table has to be valid. So you should disable the interrupts before jumping to the new startup code.
      As long as the vector table is fine, you should not see any issue. But it would be good to disable interrupts before jumping to the new startup code (actually they should be already disabled in the bootloader startup code, right?)
      I would really do assembly stepping into the jump code to see what is going on.
      
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  - kwebster83 on October 27, 2016 at 11:21 said:
    
    Interrupts are enabled for a few peripherals in the bootloader (like the USB interrupt, I2C interrupt). I do want to relocate my vector table in user application space so I’m hopeful that an interrupt is causing this weird behaviour otherwise I’m completely at a loss. I’ll try the assembly stepping after I’ve disabled the interrupts. Thanks for your help
    
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- kwebster83 on October 27, 2016 at 14:20 said:
  
  Damn those interrupts. Everything now works as expected once interrupts are disabled. Yippee 🙂
  
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  - K Webster on October 27, 2016 at 23:36 said:
    
    I’ve just checked the assembly in the instruction stepping and my jump is done via a “ldr r3, [r7, #4]” and “blx r3” which loads the correct address into r3 and successfully jumps to it. One thing I’m struggling with now is interrupts in user application space. For example, using the GenericI2C component gets stuck on the “while (!GI2C1_deviceData.dataTransmittedFlag);” so its clear that the I2C interrupt isn’t being fired. Previously when working with bootloaders in IAR, I just performed a jump to the user application and then interrupts, etc, just worked.
    
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  - kwebster83 on October 27, 2016 at 23:37 said:
    
    The Cpu.c takes care of the vector table relocation and I’ve checked (by breakpointing) that when SCB->VTOR is re-assigned, that it points to the correct location and I’ve also checked that the I2C ISR is pointing to the right place in user application space. I’m baffled!
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 28, 2016 at 05:49 said:
      
      Hi Kevin,
      are interrupts globally enabled? I mean is the PRIMASK register set to zero?
      
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  - K Webster on October 28, 2016 at 09:50 said:
    
    Hi Erich, do you mean in the bootloader or in the user application?
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 28, 2016 at 09:53 said:
      
      In both, but this depends on the stage of each. During startup of the bootloader, interrupts shall be disabled.
      Then they can be enabled during loading the image. But when jumping to the target application, I do disable them so the application startup code runs with interrupt disabled. The application startup code then will enable the interrupts (for the application).
      
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  - kwebster83 on October 28, 2016 at 09:57 said:
    
    In the bootloader, interrupts are enabled so that the I2C interrupt can fire (an i2c device is polled during the bootloader sequence). Prior to jumping to the application, I need to disable global interrupts or odd things happen when trying to jump and jumping is unsuccessful. When in the user application, I re-enable interrupts (__asm(“CPSIE i”) following PE_low_level_init but I never see the I2C interrupt fire (breakpoint is never reached in the ISR)
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 28, 2016 at 11:25 said:
      
      Hi Kevin,
      after PE_Low_Level_Init(), are interrupts enabled? If not using an RTOS, they should be enabled at that point. If using an RTOS, they get enabled when you start the scheduler.
      
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  - kwebster83 on October 28, 2016 at 11:37 said:
    
    Hi Erich, straight after PE_low_level_init I’m calling __asm(“CPSIE i”) to enable interrupts
    
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    - Erich Styger on October 28, 2016 at 12:17 said:
      
      I suggest that you check with the debugger if the I bit in the PRIMASK is really cleared when you halt the user application.
      If it the I bit is cleared, then it could be that maybe the interrupts for the I2C are not enabled?
      
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  - kwebster83 on October 28, 2016 at 14:20 said:
    
    I’ve taken everything back to basics and also removed the PE element of the application. My bootloader is now a small application which uses the SysTick interrupt to toggle an LED. After 10 seconds, a jump is attempted to a user application. When the bootloader starts, I enable interrupts and just before the jump, I disable them. In the user application, I again use the SysTick timer to toggle the same LED but I change the tick period so the LED flashes faster. As soon as the user app is entered, I can see PRIMASK is “1” and when I re-enable interrupts, it goes back to “0” – all this seems to work perfectly so I need to go back through my original code and try to figure out what I’m missing. I need to also try to get another interrupt working so I might try using the PIT timer in my user app.
    
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K Webster on November 2, 2016 at 21:08 said:

Ok, I’m getting closer (I think). If I don’t enable interrupts in my main application but instead, if I step over the PE_low_level_init function and then, in the “registers” view, change PRIMASK from 0x1 to 0x0 and it run, the Cpu_ivINT_FTM1() interrupt is then hit and a breakpoint is triggered. However, the CPU is in the middle of a GI2C1_ReadAddress call so I’m figuring that the SCB->VTOR is not correctly aligned. Looking at the SCB->VTOR address, it is sat at 0x10000 which as expected so unless there is some serious alignment issue going on,

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- kwebster83 on November 2, 2016 at 21:34 said:
  
  And if I don’t relocate my vector table in the linker config file (keeping it at 0x0000) then when I re-program, everything works perfectly.
  
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  - Erich Styger on November 3, 2016 at 07:32 said:
    
    Then I think something is wrong with that vector table? Can you try to have a 1-to-1 copy of your vector table from 0x0000 at 0x10000 (where you relocate it?).
    
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- Erich Styger on November 3, 2016 at 07:31 said:
  
  So your PE_low_level_init() indeed enables interrupts at the end of that function. Is that what you intended? The VTOR must be aligned to a 1K or 4K boundary (I think), so this seems to be the case. Are you sure you have that relocated vector table correctly set up with all the entries, including initial PC and SP?
  
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  - K Webster on November 3, 2016 at 11:40 said:
    
    Hi Erich, problem solved. Vector table was correct and aligned properly, SP and PC were fine – the problem was me (as always). One interrupt was still enabled from the bootloader (funnily enough, it was FTM1) and now I’ve disabled it before the jump, everything works (everything, EVERYTHING :)). Thanks for all your help and sorry for my stupid questions
    
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    - Erich Styger on November 3, 2016 at 12:29 said:
      
      Glad to hear that things are working now!
      My mission for every day: help an engineer out there. Accomplished for today I think 🙂
      
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Marco Coelho on November 22, 2016 at 20:55 said:

Hello, Erich

I tried to use your bootloader in FRDM-KL25Z, but it didn’t work. I realocated the memory in CPU bean Build Options, but I have not been successful to load my .s19 file. I don’t if this can be a problem, but as CodeWarrior keeps the Flash image file extension in .hex and only changes the contents to look like a .s19 file, I creat

Bootloader Sequence

Flash Memory of the Bootloader

Flash Protection

Terminal Program

Bootloader Shell

Bootloading an Application

Bootloader Details

Bootloader or Not, that’s the Question

Application Memory Map

S-Record (S19) Application File Generation

Code Size

Summary

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